推荐回答(3个)
第一,对音乐的,作者不注重摩写乐声的真切,而着力写音乐的象征,写自己的主观印象。把自己各感官的感觉用听觉激发出来,统一于一个完整的意境之中,那就是:“暮春微雨润花园”这一境界。这就比古代诗歌中的某些音乐描写有了独到之处。白居易写琵琶声的确维妙维肖,但他未创造出一个完整的诗的意境。他着重于逼真地再现琵琶演奏的音响以飨读者。如用“私语”声,“急雨”声,“莺语”声,“流水”声,“珠落玉盘”声,又用“银瓶乍破水浆迸,铁骑突出刀枪鸣”等来写音声效果,但总其方法是运用“博喻”:以若干自然音响来喻比动听微妙的乐音。但这种种音响之间并无内在联系,而《歌声》却把我们带到了一个清新恬静的天地里。
第二,他不拘于从听觉写声音,而是用耳听,用心想象,唤起“联觉”,从而让触觉、视觉、味觉产生一个“通感”。好象是“用耳,也用眼,鼻,舌,身,听着”。三曲清歌节奏舒缓、平稳,调子绵软、欢快,于是他从触觉上感到了似有毛雨洒在脸上,似有微风吹拂衣袂,有温润、轻松、滑腻感。他的视觉上好象看到温柔的光(但这里又不以视觉来写光感,而用味觉、触觉来表现:“甜软的光”),同时又写视觉感受的颜色也是“恬静的红,冷落的紫和苦笑的白和绿”,都渗透了作者心里的想象。下面,他又写音乐唤起人的嗅觉:园中的雨气重、没有了浓郁的花香,而飘荡着一缕缕的香气,夹着草丛气息、泥土滋味、新秧壮麦和绿柳的蒸气味。这里写香气用“饿了似的花香”也是妙笔。浓重的花香阵阵袭人“鼻感”,使人感到似如饥饿者要吞食食物一样,这是对香气浓重扑鼻的形象写法。……在作者笔下,耳朵听到的个个音符都好象长了翅膀飞翔,飞到了听者所经验过的那种恬静幽然的境遇之中。
第三,对音乐意境的描写,文字细腻简捷,富于诗情画意。朱自清认为“作文便是以文字作画”(《山野掇拾》)。他笔下的音乐也是一幅画,是他独有的“缜密漂亮”的“白话美术文”。他“剖析入微,鞭辟入里”,是“精严圆密”的“分析的描写”。他不拘同别人,强调亲自体味,写出了自己“新异的滋味”“独得的秘密”(出处同上)
作品结尾一段写得并无多余。一般说,前几段写音乐意境如此具体精采,而开头又写了音乐感受,结尾写些什么好呢?大有要画蛇添足之嫌。但他却重扣住开头的感受续写下去。如果说第一段的“令人心迷神醉”是一般化的概括,并无特色,那么这里写得就出神入化了:“我终于被一种健康的麻痹袭取了,于是为歌所有。此后只由歌独自唱着,听着;世界上便只有歌声了。”他不用“全身心沉浸在……”之类的套话,而是写出自己的感官都被音乐吸引了,统治了,俘虏了,占有了,而且仿佛身内的一切,身外的一切都被音乐占领了。偌大的世界上便只有歌声自己在唱着,在听着。世界变成了一个歌声的王国。读到此处,我们可以想象到音乐的“迷人心醉”了。
昨晚中西音乐歌舞大会里“中西丝竹和唱”的三曲清歌,真令我神迷心醉了。仿佛一个暮春的早晨。霏霏的毛雨默然洒在我脸上,引起润泽,轻松的感觉。新鲜的微风吹动我的衣袂,像爱人的鼻息吹着我的手一样。我立的一条白矾石的甬道上,经了那细雨,正如涂了一层薄薄的乳油;踏着只觉越发滑腻可爱了。这是在花园里。群花都还做她们的清梦。那微雨偷偷洗去她们的尘垢,她们的甜软的光泽便自焕发了。在那被洗去的乳艳下,我能看到她们在有日光时所深藏着的恬静的红,冷落的紫,和苦笑的白与绿。以前锦绣般在我眼前的,现在都带了黯淡的颜色,——是愁着芳春的消歇么?是感着芳春的困倦么?大约也因那蒙蒙的雨,园里没了浓郁的香气。涓涓的东风只吹来一缕缕饿了似的花香;夹带着些潮湿的草丛的气息和泥土的滋味。园外田亩和沼泽里,又时时送过些新插的秧,少壮的麦,和成阴的柳树的清新的蒸气。这些虽非甜美,却能强烈地刺激我的鼻观,使我有愉快的倦怠之感。看啊,那都是歌中所有的:我用耳,也用眼,鼻,舌,身,听着;也用心唱着。我终于被一种健康的麻痹袭取了,于是为歌所有。此后只由歌独自唱着,听着,世界上便只有歌声了。
1.写作者聆听丝竹乐器演奏的三曲轻音乐后的感受。2.既是写作者的感受,又是在引出下文。3.从触觉、视觉、味觉、嗅觉等写声音,运用了通感手法,还运用了联想、象征、比喻、拟人等手法。4.浓厚的花香阵阵袭人,使人如有饥饿时要吞食食物一样,这是对香气浓重扑鼻的形象写法。
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