推荐回答(5个)
离合器的作用非常简单,离合器的作用相当于作为一个桥梁把发动机的动力传到为电阻箱,但是这个传导的过程中会有不同的速度和扭力,速度越快他的烦恼了,齿轮比越高,所以呢,这个过程需要用离合器作作用就是在不同时间切换挡位和变速箱转速的匹配。
有了离合器,才能把转速的不同和变速箱的不同档位做一个直接的匹配,他在其中起到了过渡作用,我们没踩一下离合器,就是把发动机的转速和变速箱的齿轮分开。
离合器的作用:
1、保证车辆平稳起步
这是离合器的首要功能。在汽车起步前,自然要先起动发动机。而汽车起步时,汽车是从完全静止的状态逐步加速的。如果传动系(它联系着整个汽车)与发动机刚性地联系,则变速器一挂上档,汽车将突然向前冲一下,但并不能起步。这是因为汽车从静止到前冲时,具有很大的惯性,对发动机造成很大的阻力矩。在这惯性阻力矩的作用下,发动机在瞬时间转速急剧下降到最低稳定转速(一般300-500RPM)以下,发动机即熄火而不能工作,当然汽车也不能起步。
因此,就需要离合器的帮助了。在发动机起动后,汽车起步之前,驾驶员先踩下离合器踏板,将离合器分离,使发动机和传动系脱开,再将变速器挂上档,然后逐渐松开离合器踏板,使离合器逐渐接合。在接合过程中,发动机所受阻力矩逐渐增大,故应同时逐渐踩下加速踏板,即逐步增加对发动机的燃料供给量,使发动机的转速始终保持在最低稳定转速上,而不致熄火。同时,由于离合器的接合紧密程度逐渐增大,发动机经传动系传给驱动车轮的转矩便逐渐增加,到牵引力足以克服起步阻力时,汽车即从静止开始运动并逐步加速。
2、实现平顺的换挡
在汽车行驶过程中,为适应不断变化的行驶条件,传动系经常要更换不同档位来进行工作。实现齿轮式变速器的换档,一般是拨动齿轮或其他挂档机构,使原用档位的某一齿轮副推出传动,再使另一档位的齿轮副进入工作。在换档前必须踩下离合器踏板,中断动力传动,便于使原档位的啮合副脱开,同时使新档位啮合副的啮合部位的速度逐步趋向同步,这样进入啮合时的冲击可以大大的减小,从而实现平顺的换档。
3、防止传动系过载
当汽车进行紧急制动时,若没有离合器,则发动机将因和传动系刚性连接而急剧降低转速,因而其中所有运动件将产生很大的惯性力矩(其数值可能大大超过发动机正常工作时所发出的最大扭矩),对传动系造成超过其承载能力的载荷,而使机件损坏。有了离合器,便可以依靠离合器主动部分和从动部分之间可能产生的相对运动来消除这一危险。因此,我们需要离合器来限制传动系所承受的最大扭矩,从而保证安全。
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