推荐回答(2个)
翻开《百家姓》,第一个见到的姓氏是赵。原来,《百家姓》起源于宋初,赵姓自然成为了《百家姓》的第一个姓氏,因为宋朝的开国君是宋太祖赵匡胤。赵姓是现今中国第八大姓氏。但根据户籍管理部门的“全国公民身份信息系统”(NCIIS),赵姓便是第九大姓。根据1977年中国史学家李栋明,在《东方杂志》发表的一篇有关“姓”的论文上指出,赵姓是全球华人十大姓之一。赵姓是中国的一大姓氏之一。根据史书的记载,赵姓的血缘祖先是上古时期的五帝之一的少昊天子氏,传说,少昊的女儿,女修因吞了玄鸟卵而生了皋陶。皋陶的十四世孙造父生活于周朝,因为善于驯马和驾车,深深得到周穆王的宠爱,后来因为他在平定徐偃王叛乱中及时驾车带穆王回京,穆王就赐给他造父赵城(现时山西洪桐)作为封邑,造父的后代子孙以封邑赵城作为赵姓。 其后又因为帝王的赐姓、冒姓、婚姻等改为赵姓。自从赵国亡国后,赵姓后人分为两派:一系是代王赵嘉后人,被秦始皇封往天水郡的天水赵氏,另一系是幽缪王赵迁的后人,被秦始皇流徙至涿郡的涿郡赵氏。天水赵氏出自代王赵嘉之后。秦始皇灭赵后,让他的儿子赵公辅任西戎地区的行政长官,他把先进的生产技术带给西戎人,深受爱戴。他死后,人民为表达对他的敬慕之意,称之为"赵王"。这以后,他的子女由天水很快散布全国各地,成为当地望族。 酒泉赵氏、扶风赵氏、新安赵氏、南阳赵氏、平原赵姓、中山曲阳赵氏、南阳穰县赵氏、长平赵氏、汲郡赵氏等望族,都是由天水赵氏所繁衍。涿郡赵氏是赵王迁的后代。赵亡后,秦始皇把他流放到房陵(今湖北房县),他在房陵终日郁郁寡欢,数年后病逝于此。伴随赵王迁来此处的妃嫔、侍从、大臣及赵国宗室都安息于此。西汉时,赵王迁的后裔自房陵迁居涿郡中分立河间郡,蠡吾属河间,涿郡赵氏又称河间赵氏。汉宣帝时的名臣、京兆尹赵广汉就出自涿郡赵氏。这支赵氏自汉以后默默无闻,直到唐代后期才有人出任官职,稍微有些名声。涿郡赵氏就是北宋的开国君主赵匡胤的家族本贯。宋朝成立后,太祖赵匡胤将父亲赵弘殷所生的五位亲兄弟全部封王,赵弘殷长子光济封曹王、次子匡胤即宋太祖、三子光义封晋王(即宋太宗)、四子光美封魏王、五子光赞封岐王。曹、岐二王早逝无后,赵匡胤亲写御书将在世三兄弟鼎分三派各立玉牒十四字、以别源流、以示子孙、虽至疏远、亦知昭穆、不失次序、并嘱‘吾族无亲疏、世世为缌麻’。这三派子孙根据宋太祖所定各十四字辈、循环不息地命名,至今仍保留此传统。其字辈分别如下:太祖派: 德惟从世令子伯师希与孟由宜 慎太宗派: 元允宗仲士不善汝崇必良友季 同魏王派: 德承克叔之公彦夫时若嗣古光 登三派混合如下 : 若夫,元德允克、令德宜崇、师古希孟、时顺光宗、良友彦士、登汝必公、不惟世子、与善之从、伯仲叔季、承嗣由同。太祖派因南宋高宗唯一子嗣早夭及北宋初年兄终弟及连累国运不顺争议,继承了南宋的君主;后人多定居在福建,另有部份人移居朝鲜半岛,如横城赵氏、白川赵氏、林川赵氏。而太宗派与魏王派在宋亡时,随朝廷南下到潮汕与广东五邑及珠江三角一带定居。
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