推荐回答(1个)
白杨礼赞
——茅盾/文
白杨树实在不是平凡的,我赞美白杨树!
当汽车在望不到边际的高原上奔驰,扑入你的视野的,是黄绿错综的一条大毡子;黄的是土,未开垦的荒地,几十万年前由伟大的自然力堆积成功的黄土高原的外壳;绿的呢,是人类劳力战胜自然的成果,是麦田。和风吹送,翻起了一轮一轮的绿波,——这时你会真心佩服昔人所造的两个字“麦浪”,若不是妙手偶得,便确是经过锤炼的语言的精华。黄与绿主宰着,无边无垠,坦荡如砥,这时如果不是宛若并肩的远山的连峰提醒了你(这些山峰凭你的肉眼来判断,就知道是在你脚底下的),你会忘记了汽车是在高原上行驶,这时你涌起来的感想也许是“雄壮”,也许是“伟大”,诸如此类的形容词,然而同时你的眼睛也许觉得有点倦怠,你对当前的“雄壮”或“伟大”闭了眼,而另一种味儿在你心头潜滋暗长了------“单调”。可不是,单调,有一点儿吧? 然而刹那间,要是你猛抬眼看见了前面远远地有一排,——不,或者甚至只是三五株,一株,傲然地耸立,像哨兵似的树木的话,那你的恹恹欲睡的情绪又将如何?我那时是惊奇
那是力争上游的一种树,笔直的干,笔直的枝。它的干通常是丈把高,像加过人工似的,一丈以内,绝无旁枝。它所有的丫枝一律向上,而且紧紧靠拢,也像加过人工似的,成为一束,绝不旁逸斜出。它的宽大的叶子也是片片向上,几乎没有斜生的,更不用说倒垂了;它的皮光滑而有银色的晕圈,微微泛出淡青色。这是虽在北方风雪的压迫下却保持着倔强挺立的一种树。哪怕只有碗那样粗细,它却努力向上发展,高到丈许,两丈,参天耸立,不折不挠,对抗着西北风。 这就是白杨树,西北极普通的一种树,然而决不是平凡的树!
它没有婆娑的姿态,没有屈曲盘旋的虬枝,也许你要说它不美丽,如果美是专指“婆娑”或“旁逸斜出”之类而言,那么,白杨树算不得树中的好女子;但是它伟岸,正直,朴质,严肃,也不缺乏温和,更不用提它的坚强不屈与挺拔,它是树中的伟丈夫!当你在积雪初融的高原上走过,看见平坦的大地上傲然挺立这么一株或一排白杨树,难道你就觉得它只是树?难道你就不想到它的朴质,严肃,坚强不屈,至少也象征了北方的农民?难道你竟一点也不联想到,在敌后的广大土地上,到处有坚强不屈,就像这白杨树一样傲然挺立的守卫他们家乡的哨兵?难道你又不更远一点想到这样枝枝叶叶靠紧团结,力求上进的白杨树,宛然象征了今天在华北平原纵横决荡,用血写出新中国历史的那种精神和意志吗?
白杨不是平凡的树。它在西北极普遍,不被人重视,就跟北方的农民相似;它有极强的生命力,磨折不了,压迫不倒,也跟北方的农民相似。我赞美白杨树,就因为它不但象征了北方的农民,尤其象征了今天我们民族解放斗争中所不可缺的朴质,坚强,力求上进的精神。
让那些看不起民众,贱视民众,顽固的倒退的人们去赞美那贵族化的楠木(那也是直挺秀颀的),去鄙视这极常见,极易生长的白杨吧,我要高声赞美白杨树!
本文手法:
本文采用象征手法,通过对白杨树不平凡形象的赞美,歌颂了中国共产党领导下的抗日军民和整个中华民族紧密团结、力求上进、坚强不屈的革命精神和斗争意志。学习本文,我们将—— 1.在充分认识白杨树的外形特征及内在气质的基础上,理解景物描写中所蕴含的作者的思想感情,理解白杨树的象征意义。 2.把握散文的线索,理解作者的思路,读懂课文的关键,紧扣文中赞美白杨树不平凡的抒情线索,提纲挈领,以此带动对全篇的理解分析。
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