激光到底是什么东西?

2025-02-13 06:02:46
推荐回答(3个)
回答1:

激光,是一种自然界原本不存在的,因受激而发出的具有方向性好、亮度高、单色性好和相干性好等特性的光。

激光是20世纪以来继核能、电脑、半导体之后,人类的又一重大发明,被称为“最快的刀”、“最准的尺”、“最亮的光”。原子受激辐射的光,故名“激光”。

激光经聚焦达到的最高光强已达到了10^22瓦/平方厘米量级。此外,这种超强光场在时间范畴又是极端超快的,在远紫外线(XUV)波段,激光脉冲的超快时间尺度已经突破飞秒(fs,10^-15秒)进入了阿秒(as,10^-18秒)新范畴。

光是原子中的电子吸收能量后,从低能级跃迁到高能级,再从高能级回落到低能级,回落的时候释放的能量以光子的形式放出。而激光,就是被引诱(激发)出来的光子队列,这光子队列中的光子们,光学特性一样,步调极其一致。

打个比方就是,普通光源,比如电灯泡发出来的光子各不同,而且会各个方向乱跑,很不团结,但是激光中的光子们则是心往一处想,劲往一处使,这导致它们所向披靡,威力很大。

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扩展资料:

被称为最亮的光,是因为激光的光束能平行向一个方向发散,且几乎不衰减,亮度非常高,最亮时甚至比太阳还要亮100亿倍。

此外,激光在测距方面表现优异,测出来的距离非常准确,所以也被称为最准的尺。

激光有很多特性:首先,激光是单色的,或者说是单频的。有一些激光器可以同时产生不同频率的激光,但是这些激光是互相隔离的,使用时也是分开的。

其次,激光是相干光。相干光的特征是其所有的光波都是同步的,整束光就好像一个“波列”。再次,激光是高度集中的,也就是说它要走很长的一段距离才会出现分散或者收敛的现象。

激光测速是对被测物体进行两次有特定时间间隔的激光测距,取得在该一时段内被测物体的移动距离,从而得到该被测物体的移动速度。因此,激光测速具有以下几个特点:

1、由于该激光光束基本为射线,估测速距离相对于雷达测速有效距离远,可测1000M外;

2、测速精度高,误差<1公里;

3、鉴于激光测速的原理,激光光束必须要瞄准垂直与激光光束的平面反射点,又由于被测车辆距离太远、且处于移动状态,或者车体平面不大,而导致激光测速成功率低、难度大,特别是执勤警员的工作强度很大、很易疲劳;

4、鉴于激光测速的原理,激光测速器不可能具备在运动中使用,只能在静止状态下应用;因此,激光测速仪不能称之为“流动电子警察”。在静止状态下使用时,司机很容易发现有检测,因此达不到预期目的;

参考资料:/baike.baidu.com/item/激光/130230?fr=aladdin"target="_blank"title="百度百科——激光">百度百科——激光

回答2:

激光的本质就是光,单一来看,跟普通灯泡或者光源里面的光没有任何区别,整天来看,因为利用了受激辐射放大技术,加上谐振器的控制,使得这些普通的光子有了很高的一致性,不论是从空间方向性,还是光子相干性,都大大提高了,用通俗的话说,就是让灯泡里面的光子都争取用同一形式像同一方向发出。打个比方:现在有一群人,步幅和走的方向不一直,大家跟逛市场一样乱七八糟,倒出都是,现在突然让他们都到一起来,一起走正步,而且像一个固定方向走,就看起来很有气势。但是,不管怎么说,他们都还是人,只不过运动形式不一致了而已!

回答3:

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