推荐回答(1个)
巴金先生的散文《灯》创作于1942年。文章开篇就用“噩梦”、“窒闷”、“漆黑”这些词写自己的心情及周围的环境,然后话锋一转,分辨出了“哪里是山,哪里是房屋,哪里是菜园。”因为:“傍山建筑的几处平房里射出来几点灯光,它们给我扫淡了黑暗的颜色。”这一部分表现了作者当时真实的心态。因为这时正是抗日战争最艰难的阶段,大片国土沦陷,人民流离失所,整个民族陷入了巨大的灾难之中,作者此时此刻。为民族、为国家、为他挚爱的人民遭受如此巨大的灾难感到痛苦,甚至感到失望、苦闷、傍徨是可以理解的。但是作者并没有消沉下去。因为他看到了“扫淡黑暗颜色”的灯光,看到了光明和希望,这就为全文的写作奠定了感情基调,也为下文的联想作了铺垫。
第四至第八自然段我们可以看作是这篇散文的第二部分。这一部分主要是写由眼前的灯光所引起的广泛的联想:眼前的灯光“默默地在散布一点点的光和热,不仅给我,而且还给那些寒夜里不能睡眠的人,和那些这时候还在黑暗中摸索的行路人。”接着联想到自己一次风雪夜行时对于灯光的感受:“大片的飞雪飘打在我的脸上”,眼前无边无际的黑暗,没有路、没有尽头。但“一点豆大的灯光”给我指引丁路途。这里,作者把眼前的灯光和记忆中的灯光交织描写,并更深一步地描写灯光不仅给夜行者带来光明,指明方向,而且还能给自己和他人带来心灵的安慰、鼓舞:“几盏灯甚或一盏灯的微光固然不能照彻黑暗, 可是它也会给寒夜里一些不眠的人带来一点勇气,一点温暖。”表达了作者对灯光的赞美之情。
如果说前两部分作者运用象征、暗示等手法,赋予灯光代表光明希望这样的意义的话,那么文章的第三部分,则是拓宽一步,灯光不仅仅寄寓着希望。代表着光明,而且通过灯光抒写了作者对爱的渴求,对爱的讴歌。这主要是通过文中三处对灯光的描写来体现的。第一处是哈里希岛上“姐姐为弟弟点在窗前的长夜孤灯”,这里灯光象征着姐弟之爱,表现的是人间亲情。作者在写这篇散文的前一年。曾写过另一篇散文《爱尔克的灯光》,在这篇散文里,作者是借这个古老的欧洲传说。表达了对亡姐的爱和怀念之情的;第二处是通过古希腊传说:“女教士希洛为每夜泅过海峡来的利安得尔燃起火炬”来描写灯光。火炬的光芒象征着男女之爱,表现的是人间的爱情;第三处是通过一个投河友人的故事来描写灯光的,当这位友人怀着“必死之心”投入水中却被陌生人所救,醒来时看到了“一盏油灯”,“几张诚恳、亲切的脸”,这使他感受到了人间的温暖,友人从而改变了生活态度。“成了一个热爱生命的积极的人”。这里,灯光象征着普通人之间的爱,表现的是人间真情。这三处对灯光的描写含义是十分深刻的,灯光在此又象征着亲情、爱情、友情,而这三种情感代表了也概括丁人问的所有情感。因而这篇散文中灯光的象征意义,如果如人们通常认为的那样,只是象征着光明和希望,我认为是不全面的,也使得这篇散文在感情的表达上失却了含蓄隽永的丰富性。巴金先生曾经说过“爱真理、爱正义、爱祖国、爱人民、爱生活、爱人间美好的事物,这就是我从法国老师那里受到的教育。”可见,广博的爱心,一直浸润着巴金先生,文中对光明的追求,对未来的希望,不正是缘自于他对祖国、对人民的挚爱吗?对爱的讴歌,也使得这篇散文具有更为撼人心魄的感染力。而且这种爱永远也不会消失,正如“灯光是不会灭的”,这种爱也通过他的作品传递给了千千万万爱他的读者。
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