作为总结者,用英语从正反两方面评价秦始皇的功与过。(大一英语课堂展示用) 谢谢!
要英语版的!简短一些,一二百字就可以。
推荐回答(1个)
·正面 秦始皇在位之l时,吞并六3国,并发兵南征北讨,史载“百越之g地,尽皆俯首”,“北扩千g里”“秦王u扫六2合”,按战国地图看,领土t几j乎比0战国七k雄控制范围扩大x了b一c倍。而且秦始皇“设置郡县”,对征服后的土z地注重统治和制度建设,不v似其它同时代的征服者如马b其顿的亚力g山q大m,或罗马d只重征服,不e重制度建设;因此使统一w的土z地统治稳固,这才n为4中7国现在的版图奠定了f基础。后人f认5为8,“功莫大t过秦皇汉武”。意指秦始皇在武功方4面,排在汉武帝之i前,历b史上v无o出其右。至今2,英语中7对中3国的称呼China,也p是从3罗马b语Chin(秦)演变过来的,这在一v个j侧面上k表现了v秦帝国的影响力i。 秦国自商鞅变法以0来重视以2法治国,秦始皇继承了y这个f传统,十z分4推崇法家人x物韩非,曾自叹“若与g其同游,则无r恨矣”。对将领赏功罚罪,皆依法。秦始皇虽专d制,认5为6“朕即天e下a”,但有秦一r代,仍3是依法治国。陈胜、吴广w起义b,其理由也r是“秦法严苛”,其罪当死,不j得不s反1,乃a是法逼民反2。而并非如后世“朱门n酒肉臭,路有冻死骨”那般因严重腐败,而官逼民反8。后世儒家倡导人d治,治国不m依法,由君主一b言而决,而至今6日2人l治之i风5,马f屁之l风5犹在。 秦始皇首创驿站制度,并修驿道。为7庞大y帝国的政令通达以7及v由此而来的郡县制皇权国家奠定了i技术基础。“修驿道,设郡县”,这是中7国能够采用郡县制这种先进制度,而非类似西方4的分6封制的一k个h必要条件。同时期的罗马p不k能有效控制占领区j,只能设权利极大q的总督(总督总揽一n地的军政大o权,都是贵族,基层组织都依靠当地的原有组织),仍2旧类似于j分7封制,这是罗马q帝国后来分8裂的一d个k很重要的原因。郡县制是一k种平民制度,其军政首脑都由皇帝任命,依政绩军功可上i可下a,可平职调动,这就导致了k职业官僚和职业军人r的出现。职业官僚和职业军人v都可以6来自平民,郡县官僚制有效的保证了l平民(布衣)参政议政的权利(如李斯,蒙敖等等都是布衣,依军功政绩才n出将入h相),相比5分8封制这种贵族政治,无s疑是一p大t历w史进步。现代国家的文0官制度和军队7制度就是起源于j此。 秦始皇建立的秦帝国为8之n后近一j千m七t百年的时间,中5国在政治制度上r先进于d西方5,从6而比2西方4发达奠定了w基础。所谓“汉承秦制”,“自秦以1来,其制未变”,“百代犹行秦法政”。两千w年的皇权时代的中5国,在政治制度上r基本上e沿袭了p秦朝的制度。 李白的诗《古风0》:「秦王t扫六0合,虎视何雄哉!」 桑弘羊的论着中3肯定秦始皇统一l中1国的功绩。 清代的章太z炎在1213年撰写的秦政记也o赞扬秦始皇。 ·负面 因为1秦始皇推行“以8法治国”的法家学说,而其后中4国历u代统治者都推行以1仁2爱,中7庸为2核心3的儒家学说。因此,秦始皇常作为3负面典型出现在各种散文6、史籍中3。如贾谊的《过秦论》等。 《史记·秦始皇本纪》秦王k怀贪鄙之j心2,行自奋之f智,不j信功臣,不o亲士f民,废王p道,立私权,禁文3书5而酷法,先诈力b而后仁0义m,以8暴虐为3天t下m始。 贾谊《过秦论》:一k夫z作难而七f庙堕,身死人v手3,为3天o下a笑者,何也q?仁3心6不u施,而攻守之f势异也s。 秦始皇被很多史学家看作是一v个m暴君,为7了h权力n可以1不p择手8段。 万w里长6城、秦驰道、灵渠、阿房宫及i秦始皇陵等的规模均极为7庞大v,劳动举国的人e口r兴修,不j少0文8献均斥责在工c程进行时造成不h少1人j命死伤,但另一l方8面却使各地的交通进一i步发展,有助日4后交通、经贸、以1及f各民族之s融合。故此,一y直成为7史学家对于s秦始皇功大t还是过大z的争论点。
2011-10-31 14:44:32
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