长沙话特点

2025-02-06 17:54:57
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

一是长沙方言的鼻尾韵有前移的趋势,如[h]变为[-n],[-n]变为鼻化。不过,鼻化
韵如山、摄、开、口、四等先韵,听起来有点像弱鼻尾,表明这种前移变化还
未完成。
二是长沙方言还保留入声,自成一调,但无塞尾。
三是长沙方言与其它湘方言一样,只有子尾,没有儿尾,而且子尾非常丰富。
普通话的儿尾,长沙话往往省略或用子尾,普通话和其它汉语方言不带儿尾、
子尾的,长沙话也往往加上子尾。这也是它的主要特点之一,如,禾线子
(稻穗子)、凌杠子(冰锥儿)、纸条子(纸条)、麻雀子、蚂蚁子、桌子、椅子等等。
四是长沙方言表完成态不用“了”,也不用“啦”,而用“哒”。如:吃哒
(吃啦)、走哒(走啦)、好哒(好啦)等等。
五是长沙方言表肯定不用“是”,而用语气词“嗯薄H纾骸罢馐悄慵摇保俊班弄”!
“你去过”?“嗯保妸六是长沙方言因仍在受普通话的影响,至今还在变化,
如,解放前的长沙话有尖团之分,舌尖前音与舌尖后音之分,现在这些差别基本消失了。
七是长沙方言中一些词的读音保留了古音的读法。如,长沙话念“蚊子”的“蚊”和
“浮起”的“浮”及“甫”字,是念重唇音,“蚊”字念成(meng一声),“meng子”;
“浮起"(bao二声)起”;“甫”念成(bu一声)。这些都是古代的读法,是古音。
古代没有轻唇音,“蚊”、“浮”、“甫”三字都念重唇音。长沙话在汉语后来的演
变中,一直保留了重唇音的读法。因此保留了这三个字的古音。
另外,长沙方言有19个辅音字母(普通话有21个),外加一个零声母,有韵母38个(普通
话有39个)。它的声调有四声六调;即阴平、阳平、上声、阴去、阳去、入声6个调类
(普通话只有阴平、阳平、上声、去声4个声调)。
长沙方言以上的这些特点,使它形成了自己的一些语法和音韵特点,相对于普通话来说,
自有一番风味。
例如,长沙话的副词,其数量和表现力要比普通话的副词丰富得多。像:
冰(pin)冷的 刮(gua)白的
桕(jiu)酸的 嫩(nen)白的
墨(mo )黑的 喷(pen)臭的
浸(jin)甜的 劲(jin)咸的
贡(gen)绿的 绷(pen)硬的
(以上下划线的字都读第四声——哈蜊油注)
等等,表现的都是普通话“很”的意思,但上列长沙话表现代就显得比“很”的程度更深,
深到一种夸张的程度。又如,长沙话中有许多有音无字的词:
pa (把)[~是]:特意 ka(咖)[~咖死他]:掐死他
lao(老)[~药]:毒药 ce (册)[~菜]:择菜
wo (卧)[~人]:烫人 mie(灭)[~黑]:很黑
wa (哇)[~苦]:很苦 ge (给)[~起]:藏起
等等,
另,长沙地区“十里不同风,百里不太俗”的地域性,又使得长沙方言区域内出现不同
的语言现象。如宁乡话,喜欢在一些句尾加“地”(相同“的”):“宁乡地”“浸甜地”;
长沙县麻林桥地区却喜欢在一些句尾加“嗝”(也相同“的”):“麻林桥嗝”。“嗯是嗝”
(意为不是的)。还有居住在浏阳18个山区乡的20多万客家乡亲,他们既能说长沙话,
也能讲地道的客家话,这些都是长沙方言区域内的特殊现象。

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