推荐回答(5个)
危害向日葵的害虫种类较多,按其危害类型可分为地下害虫,如蝼蛄、金针虫、地老虎等;苗期害虫,如金龟子、象甲等;向日葵盘籽实害虫,如向日葵螟、棉铃虫等。由于地域和气候条件不同,其发生种类和危害程度也不同。一般苗期害虫发生较为普遍,危害也较严重,故应把重点放在保苗这一关上。各地可根据不同情况采取不同的防治措施。
如普遍发生的小地老虎可采取以下防治措施:①除草灭虫。②诱杀成虫。③药剂防治。每667米2可用2.5%敌百虫粉2千克、90%敌百虫100倍液等药剂防治。④毒饵诱杀。可用90%敌百虫100克,加水0.5升,拌和切碎的鲜草30~40千克制成毒饵,傍晚撒在苗株附近。⑤人工捕捉。
对一般地区苗期危害严重的小金龟子可以采取以下办法进行防治:①药剂拌种。采用灵丹粉拌种,药剂为种子重量的1%。②喷药。可喷洒速灭杀丁乳剂、敌百虫乳油、灭扫利乳油、乐果、40%甲基辛硫磷乳油等多种杀虫剂。③消灭虫源。在杂草多的地方撒药,以减少虫源。④人工捕杀。
此外,在有些地区向日葵受到鸟类的危害也比较严重,应采取相应的措施加以防治。
(1)双斑萤叶甲主要以成虫为害,防治方法如下。①及时铲除田边、地埂、渠边杂草,消灭中间寄主植物,秋季深翻灭卵。②人工防治:该虫有一定的迁飞性,可用捕虫网捕杀,降低虫口基数。③利用双斑萤叶甲有趋光的习性,采用频振式杀虫灯诱杀成虫。④成虫盛发期可选用4.5%高效氯氰菊酯1500倍液或20%马拉硫磷+氰戊菊酯乳油2000倍液叶面喷雾1~2次。
(2)草地螟主要以幼虫为害,防治方法如下。①实行秋深耕、冬灌水,精细整地,降低田间越冬幼虫虫口密度。②清除杂草,降低田间草地螟落卵量。③安装频振式杀虫灯或黑光灯诱杀草地螟成虫。④化学防治:草地螟2~3龄前,用Bt可湿性粉剂500~700倍液或25%灭幼脲悬浮剂1500~2000倍液喷洒。发生量较大时,可喷施4.5%高效氯氰菊酯1500~2000倍液或2.5%氯氟氰菊酯乳油2000~2500倍液。
(3)蒙古灰象甲以成虫取食向日葵幼苗子叶、真叶、嫩茎及生长点为害,防治方法如下。①合理轮作倒茬,实行3年以上轮作期。②实行秋深耕、冬灌水,精细整地,降低田间虫口密度。③利用该虫假死习性,人工捕捉,集中烧毁。④毒饵诱杀:采摘鲜嫩的甜菜叶用90%敌百虫晶体500倍液或2.5%溴氰菊酯1000倍液浸泡1~2小时,取出放于田间诱杀。⑤药剂防治:蒙古灰象甲盛发期用50%辛硫磷乳油1000倍液、2.5%溴氰菊酯乳油2000倍液喷雾。
结盘初期,可选用速克灵、菌核净、农利灵、纹裤利或多菌灵等药剂进行喷雾防治,重点保护花盘背面。由于后期向日葵植株高达,喷药操作比较难,也可以采取雨后到田间打杆降湿的办法。
这是我再“我爱向日葵”网站上看到的,你也可以登陆这个网站去了解一下详细内容。
向日葵开花时的病虫害防治和后期管理 观赏向日葵又名美丽向日葵,为菊科向日葵属植物。观赏向日葵花朵硕大,鲜艳夺目,枝叶茂密,是新颖的盆栽观赏植物。
苗期管理:向日葵在出苗时,应及时检查苗情,对缺苗穴窝进行补种。向日葵幼苗出现2对真叶时进行间苗,3对真叶时即可定苗。间苗应根据不同品种留苗,去弱留壮,清除病株,适时喷施新高脂膜,在植物表面,能防止病菌侵染,提高抗自然灾害能力,提高光合作用强度,保护禾苗茁壮成长。
生长管理:及时打杈在现蕾期常众茎秆中下部叶腋里长出分杈,这些小分
杈影响主茎花盘的发育,所以出现分杈立即打掉。向日葵是较为耐旱的作物,点灌补水具有“两头需水少、中间需水大”的特点。现蕾期是向日葵茎、叶各生长最旺盛的时期,也是需肥、需水的高峰期,保持水肥的情况下,喷施新高脂膜保肥保墒。生长期适时喷施壮穗灵,能强化农作物生理机能,提高授粉、授精、灌浆质量,增加千粒重。
授粉方法:一是选用一块硬纸板,剪成略小于花盘的圆片,在上面放一些新棉花或绒毛,用细绳网扎紧,做成粘花粉的拍子,操作时用粘花粉的一面对着花盘轻轻拍打,即可完成授粉;二是将相邻相近植株的花盘面对面地轻轻摩擦。授粉时间应选在早上8时30分至10时30分进行,授粉次数2~3次为佳。
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