数学手抄报怎么做?

关于对有理数的认识
2024-12-28 10:09:04
推荐回答(4个)
回答1:

回答2:

回答3:

数学手抄报正摸捉

回答4:

有理数是整数和分数的统称,一切有理数都可以化成分数的形式。
有理数可分为整数和分数也可分为三种,一;正有理数,二;0,三;负有理数。除了无限不循环小数以外的实数统称有理数。英文:rational number读音:yǒu lǐ shù整数和分数统称为有理数,任何一个有理数都可以写成分数m/n(m,n都是整数,且n≠0)的形式。任何一个有理数都可以在数轴上表示。其中包括整数和通常所说的分数,此分数亦可表示为有限小数或无限循环小数。这一定义在数的十进制和其他进位制(如二进制)下都适用。数学上,有理数是一个整数 a 和一个非零整数 b 的比(ratio),通常写作 a/b,故又称作分数。希腊文称为 λογο,原意为“成比例的数”(rational number),但中文翻译不恰当,逐渐变成“有道理的数”。 无限不循环小数称之为无理数(例如:圆周率π)有理数和无理数统称为实数。所有有理数的集合表示为Q。以下都是有理数:   (1) 整数:正整数、0、负整数统称为整数。   (2)分数:正分数、负分数统称为分数。   (3)小数:有限小数、无限循环小数。   如3,-98.11,5.72727272……,7/22都是有理数。全体有理数构成一个集合,即有理数集,用粗体字母Q表示,较现代的一些数学书则用空心字母Q表示。有理数集是实数集的子集,即Q?R。相关的内容见数系的扩张。有理数集是一个域,即在其中可进行四则运算(0作除数除外),而且对于这些运算,以下的运算律成立(a、b、c等都表示任意的有理数):①加法的交换律 a+b=b+a;②加法的结合律a+(
b+c)=(a+b)+c;③存在数0,使 0+a=a+0=a;④乘法的交换律 ab=ba;⑤乘法的结合律 a(bc)=(ab)c;⑥乘法的分配律 a(b+c)=ab+ac。0a=0 文字解释:一个数乘0还等于0。此外,有理数是一个序域,即在其上存在一个次序关系≤。0的绝对值还是0.有理数还是一个阿基米德域,即对有理数a和b,a≥0,b>0,必可找到一个自然数n,使nb>a。由此不难推知,不存在最大的有理数。值得一提的是有理数的名称。“有理数”这一名称不免叫人费解,有理数并不比别的数更“有道理”。事实上,这似乎是一个翻译上的失误。有理数一词是从西方传来,在英语中是(rational number),而(rational)通常的意义是“理性的”。中国在近代翻译西方科学著作,依据日语中的翻译方法,以讹传讹,把它译成了“有理数”。但是,这个词来源于古希腊,其英文词根为(ratio),就是比率的意思(这里的词根是英语中的,希腊语意义与之相同)。所以这个词的意义也很显豁,就是整数的“比”。与之相对,而“无理数”就是不能精确表示为两个整数之比的数,而并非没有道理(无理数就是无限不循环小数,π也是其中一个无理数)。

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