推荐回答(2个)
正常健康的人每天排泄到尿中的蛋白约100-150mg,若超过150 mg以上就是异常。而尿蛋白的检查方法分为定性和定量两种,定性是用试纸放入尿中,结果分为 negative阴性(表尿蛋白少于10mg/dl);trace微量(10-20 mg/dl);1+(30 mg/dl, 每天约流失300-400mg蛋白质); 2+( 100mg/dl); 3+(300mg/dl); 或4+(表尿蛋白1000mg/dl以上) 。
一般说来,定性检查若是trace 到2+,必须于次月再复检两次到三次,最好是早晨起床第一次解的尿,倘若复检结果是阴性,可能只是暂时性的蛋白尿,若定性检查是3+或4+,或复检仍是阳性,则需做定量检查(收集24小时尿液),才能进一步诊断。
蛋白尿的原因很多,临床可区分为良性蛋白尿(即暂时性、姿势性),和病理性蛋白尿(持续性)。
(1)暂时性蛋白尿:当病人有脱水,发烧,天气太冷,激烈运动,服用止痛药,或高热,急性疾病,怀孕,高血压等情况下,即可能出现短暂性的蛋白尿。
(2)姿势性蛋白尿:与病人身体的位置改变有着密切的关系。姿势性蛋白尿常在年轻人身上发现。一般病人在早上的小便缺乏蛋白质,但经过长时间活动、走路、剧烈运动、站立后、或前屈,蛋白尿便会出现,当病人平躺时测量,就会消失。一般,小于三十岁的患者,尿蛋白每天小于2克,而Ccr(肌酸酐清除率)正常,只要定期量血压并每年追踪即可;若大于三十岁,则需定期量血压,每六个月检查尿液及肾功能。
(3)间歇性蛋白尿:反复感染的膀胱炎,肾盂肾炎,会出现尿蛋白,一旦感染受到控制,蛋白尿就会消失;而高血压,心衰竭等疾病会随病情的好坏而出现间歇性尿蛋。
(4)持续性(病理性)蛋白尿:通常当肾丝球或肾小管发生不可逆的破坏时,就会有持续性的蛋白尿。肾小球疾病是最常见的病理性蛋白尿的原因,大致可分为两大类:
原发性肾小球疾病包括急性肾小球肾炎(急性肾炎)、慢性肾小球肾炎。
继发性肾小球疾病:由身体其它疾病所引起的肾小球疾病,便称为继发性肾小球疾病,例如红斑性狼疮、硬皮病所引起的肾病等。
另外,常见的.糖尿病引起的肾病,称之为糖尿病肾病变。大部分受糖尿病影响而引起肾病的病人,都会排出蛋白尿;即使每天只是排出微量的蛋白质,病人的肾脏已经受到糖尿病影响,日后可能会受到更严重的破坏,所以当糖尿病病人发现自己有微量的蛋白尿时,便应该及早求诊,以便接受适当的治疗。
(5)肥胖:若病人过度肥胖,体重超重会增加肾脏的负荷,将导致蛋白尿。
健检报告有尿蛋白先不要慌,因为可能是伪阳性,或只是暂时性蛋白尿。碱性尿(pH>7.5),浓缩尿液,血尿,服用PENICILLIN, SULFONAMIDES 等药物,或尿中混有精液,阴道分泌物,会呈伪阳性反应。相反的,稀释尿液(尿液比重大于1.015),或尿蛋白为非白蛋白,或低分子量时,则会呈伪阴性反应。
因此尿蛋白阳性,最好请你的家庭医师先排除伪阳性的可能,再进一步追究病因,毕竟大部分尿蛋白阳性反应是良性,不必过度紧张。一旦有持续性蛋白尿,且排除良性蛋白尿的可能,则需做进一步的检查,如24小时尿液收集,其它抽血检查,肾脏超音波或肾脏切片加以确认。
就是说1 L尿液中,蛋白质含量是0.1~0.2 g
尿蛋白含量用+ -号表示:
尿蛋白<0.1g/L:一
尿蛋白为0.1~0.2g/L:±
尿蛋白为0.2~1.0g/L:+
尿蛋白为1.0~2.0g/L:++
尿蛋白为2.0~4.0g/L: +++
尿蛋白为 >4.0g/L: ++++
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