1、模板的要求有哪些? 答: 2、后张法中孔道留设的基本要求有哪些? 答: 3、划分土方调配区的注意事项?

2025-02-13 03:53:30
推荐回答(4个)
回答1:

模板的要求有哪些
1) 保证工程结构和构件各部分形状、尺寸和位置等正确.
2) 具有足够的承载能力、刚度和稳定性,能可靠地承受混凝土的自重和侧压力,以及施工荷载。
3) 模板的接缝不应漏浆。
4) 对清水混凝土工程和装饰混凝土工程,应能达到设计效果。

孔道留设是后张法预应力混凝土构件制作中的关键工序之一。要求预留孔道的尺寸与位置正确,定位牢固,浇筑混凝土时不应出现位移和变形;孔道应平顺,端部的预埋锚垫板应垂直于孔道中心线;孔道的直径一般比预应力筋的外径(包括钢筋对焊接头的外径或需穿入孔道锚具外径)大10~15mm,以利于预应力钢筋穿入,成孔用管道应密封良好,接头应严密且不得漏浆,孔道留设的方法有钢管抽芯法、胶管抽芯法和预埋波纹管法等。
钢管抽芯法用于直线孔道,是预先将钢管埋设在模板内孔道位置处,在浇筑混凝土后,每隔一定时间慢慢转动钢管,使其不与混凝土粘结,待混凝土初凝后,终凝前抽出钢管形成孔道。
钢管要平直,表面必须圆滑,预埋前应除锈、刷油,钢管在构件中用间距不大于1.0m的钢筋井字架(图5-10)固定位置。每根钢管的长度一般不超过15m,以便转动和抽管。钢管两端应各伸出构件外0.5m左右。较长的构件可采用两根钢管,中间用套管连接,
抽管时间与水泥的品种、气温与养护条件有关。抽管宜在混凝土初凝之后、终凝之前进行,抽管过早,会造成塌孔事故;太晚,混凝土与钢管粘结牢固,抽管困难,甚至抽不出来。常温下抽管时间约在混凝土浇筑后3~ 5h。
抽管顺序宜先上后下进行。抽管方法可用人工或卷扬机,抽管时必须速度均匀,边抽边转,并与孔道保持在一直线上。抽管后应及时检查孔道情况,并做好孔道清理工作,防止以后穿筋困难。
胶管抽芯法可用于留设直线、曲线或折线孔道。胶管有五层或七层夹布胶管和钢丝网橡皮管两种。前者质软,必须在管内充水或充气后方可使用。
胶管用钢筋井字架固定,间距不大于0.5m,且曲线孔道处应适当加密。浇筑混凝土前,胶管内充入压力为0,6~ 0.8MPa的压缩空气或压力水。此时胶管直径增大约3mm,待混凝土初凝后,放出压缩空气或压力水,管径缩小而与混凝土脱离,便于抽出。
钢丝网橡皮管质硬,具有一定弹性,预留孔道时与钢管一样,只是浇筑混凝土后不需转动,由于其有一定弹性,抽管时在拉力作用下断面缩小,易于拔出。
预埋波纹管法是将与孔道直径相同的金属波纹管埋入混凝土中留设孔道,金属管无需抽出,施工简便,孔道的形状和位置容易保证。金属波纹管刚度好、弯折方便、连接容易、与混凝土粘结良好,适用于各种直线和曲线孔道。预埋时金属波纹管用间距不大于0.8m的钢筋井字架固定。
在留设孔道的同时,需在设计规定的位置留设灌浆孔和排气孔。灌浆孔的间距:对预埋金属波纹管不宜大于30m;对抽芯成形孔道不宜大于12m;在曲线孔道的曲线波峰部位应设置排气兼泌水管,必要时可在最低点设置排水孔;留设灌浆孔或排气孔时,可用木塞或镀锌钢板成孔,灌浆孔及泌水管的孔径应能保证浆液畅通。

回答2:

1、模板的要求有哪些?
答:(1)保证工程结构和构件各部分形状、尺寸和相互位置的正确;
(2)具有足够的强度、刚度和稳定性,能可靠地承受新浇混凝土的重量和侧压力,以及在施工过程中所产生的荷载;
(3)构造简单,装拆方便,并便于钢筋的绑扎与安装,符合混凝土的浇筑及养护等工艺要求;
(4)模板接缝应严密,不得漏浆。

回答3:

2626

回答4:

模板的要求主要是外形尺寸和强度,别的我就不知道了

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