who，whom,whose,that,which的用法

英语关联词用法
英语关联词 —并列连词 1
并列连词 在句子中不做成分,仅表示前后关系.
1.用于连接彼此互补依存的对等的成分.
1)连接语词:slow but safe/ either this
week or next week
2)连接分句:I went and she also.
2.可分别表示下列关系.
1)转折:but, yet, however, neverthe-
less
2) 因果:so, for, therefore
3) 选择r, either…or, neither…nor
英语关联词 —并列连接词 2
4)并列和递进:and,both…and, as well as
not only…but (also)
英语关联词 —关联词
关联词 用于引导从句.
1.名词从句: He doesn't know what she is.
2.副词从句:If he comes, I'll give it
to you.
3.形容词从句:He's the best student I've
ever taught.
英语关联词 —连接词 1
关联词的类别及所表示的关系 要特别注意关联词在从句中(及某些连接词在短语中)所担当的成分,这是正确使用关连词的关键.
1.连接词:引导名词从句,在从句中不做成分.
1) that(无含义):
I said that he was wrong.
2) whether(if)(表示不确定性或选择关系):
I don't know whether it is correct.
英语关联词 —连接词 2
2.连接代词
1)引导名词从句,在从句中做主语,宾语,表语和
定语.
A. who/which 作主语(口语who中可做宾语,
但其前面不可有与其配合使用的介词):
I asked him who came into the
room./ I asked him who(m) he saw
whom/which 做宾语:
Ask him which he wants.
英语关联词 —关联词 3
C. whose 做宾语(=whose thing(s)) /定
语:
I wonder whose house that is.
D. what 做上面提及的各种成分:
I don't know what I should do.
What can be done
2)与不定式连用,在其中多做主语和宾语.
We can't decide whom to invite.
We must decide what to do.
I couldn't decide which to choose.
英语关联词 —关联词 4
3.连接副词 引导名词从句或与不定式连用,在从句
中做状语.
1) how: That's how I look at it.
2) where: I don't know where he lives.
3) when: Tell me when to use the tool.
4) why: I'll tell you why you have to
do it.
英语关联词 —关系词 1
4.关系代词
1) who 表示人,在从句中做主语和表语(口语
who中可做宾语,但其前面不可有与其配合使用
的介词):
The man who spoke is my teacher.
I don't know who he is.
The man who I saw told me that.
2) whom 表示人,在从句中做宾语和表语:
The man whom I saw told me that.
英语关联词 —关系词 2
3) whose 表示"某人/物的",of which表示
"某物的", 在从句中做定语:
That's the man whose son is my
pupil.
The room whose window faces south
is her bedroom.
The room of which the window faces
south is her bedroom.
英语关联词 —关系词 3
4) which 表示物,在从句中做主语和表语:
I like the picture which was taken
in front of the main building.
5) that 表示人/物,在从句中做主语和宾语; 注
意下列关于that作为关系代词的用法.
A.现行词前有最高级形容词修饰时:
This is the best film that I've
ever seen.
英语关联词 —关系词 4
B.先行词是下列词语或为其所修饰修饰时:
the first, the last, the only, the
same, the very, all, any, no,
every.
This is the last chance that you
have.
You are the only friend that I
have.
He told me all that he knew.
英语关联词 —关系词 5
C. 先行词是下列不定代词或为其所修饰修饰时:
much, little, none, everything/body,
nothing, nobody.
There's nothing in the world that
can frighten him.
D. 以Who/Which开始的句子,其后的定语从句中
的关系代词不使用who/which,而代之以that.
Who that knows him would trust him
Which of these buses is the one
that goes to London
英语关联词 —关系词 6
E.人和事物/动物同为先行词时:
The man and the horse that fell
into the river were drowned.
6) 关系代词做介词宾语.
A.一般介词可放在whom/which的前面或其所
在的从句的句尾,关系代词为that时,只可
放在其所在的从句的句尾.
Is this the car for which you
paid a high price
英语关联词 —关系词 7
Is this the car which you paid
a high price for
Is this the car that you paid a
high price for
Is this the car you paid a high
price for
B.介词during, except以及表示(从整体中)
"分割"(出部分)的介词of等介词要放在关
系代词的前面:
英语关联词 —关系词 8
The years during which he was away
were long years to her.
He wrote many books, some of which
C.其介词与动词不可分割的短语动词中的介词必
须放在其动词之后,不可放在关系代词之前:
This is the book which he has been
looking for.
7)关系代词的省略.
A.关系代词作宾语时:
The girl I work with is coming.
英语关联词 —关系词 9
B.that在定语从句中做表语时:
He is not the man that he was
when I saw him first.
He is not the man he was when I
saw him first.
5.关系副词 在定语从句中均做状语.
1)where 地点:
That's one point where I'd like
your advice.
英语关联词 —关系词 10
2) when 时间:
At the time when I saw him, he was
ill.
3) why 原因:
That is the reason why I came so
early.
4) that 方式/时间/原因
I like the way that /in which he
did it.
英语关联词 —关系词 11
That was the first time (that) I saw
him.
The reason why/that he was dismissed
is not easy to explain.
5)in which/at which = where
This is the school in which/at which/
where he works.
6)for which = why
I don't the reason for which he left.
英语关联词 —关系词 12
7)on which = when
The day on which she was born was 22
September, 1988.

很简单，who和whom一般可以通用。
that指人时相当于↑，指物时相当于↓
which做代词一般代替物，有时也代替人。 也可以做先行词，问两个以上的选择，
不及物动词后面无宾语就用关系副词（where，wen，why），及物动词后接宾语要用关系代词（that，which，who，whom，whose，as）就这么简单…理解就可以了、、
我用手机回复的，打了好久的字…支持下咯…………

简单的说：
who，问人物，“谁”。
whom，和WHO差不多（具体的莪也不怎么清楚）。
whose，问“谁的...”
that，“那个”的意思
which，问“三个或三个以上的选择”

the girl who is in a green is my sister.who做引导词在重句中作主语（也可以作宾语）
what 不能作定语重句的引导词 能作宾语和主语重句的引导词比如 i don't know what can make you happy
the girl whom my teacher talks to is my sister.whom 作宾语 这里whom可以换成who凡是用whom的都能用who
the girl whose shoes are red is my sister.whose翻译成谁的。。。
the person that is tall is a teacher。that 在定于重句里不可省略 前面不能有介词
the apple which is big is mine 。 which作那个讲
the house where i have lived is selt。where作在那里
你有那句不明白可以问我 再给你细点说

定语从句
定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，有时也可以修饰部分或整个句子。
被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。
关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which，as 。
关系副词有：when, where, why ,how 。
关系代词和关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起连接作用，同时又可做定语从句的一个成分。当关系代词做宾语时可以省略。
定语从句中的谓语动词必须在人称上和数量上和先行词保持一致。
定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
1 、关系代词引导的定语从句
1）who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?（who/that在从句中作主语）
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.（whom/that在从句中作宾语）
2) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换),
例如：
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.
3)which, that
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.（which / that在句中作宾语）
The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. (which / that在句中作宾语)
关系代词that和which 都可以指物，that 和Who 都可以指人，其用法区别：
1）不用that的情况
a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时
(错) The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.
b) 介词后不能用
We depend on the land from which we get our food.
c)多用who 的情况
①关系代词在从句中做主语
A friend who helps you in time of need is a real friend .
②先行词为those , people 时
Those who were either fools or unfit for their offices could not see the cloth .
③先行词为all, anyone , ones , one 指人时
One who doesn’t work hard will never succeed in his work .
④在There be句型中
There is a stranger who wants to see you .
⑤在被分隔的定语从句中
A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you German .
⑥在有两个定语从句的句子中，其一用who,其二用that,但若先行词后接两个以上的并列定语从句时，后一个必须重复前一个关系代词。
The student who was praised at the meeting is the monitor that is very modest and studies very hard .
There is a teacher who is always ready to help others and who enjoys what he does .
2) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
a) 在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, everything, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。
All that is needed is a supply of oil.
Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.
b) 先行词有the only, the very, the just修饰时，只用that。
He is the very man that helped the girl out of the water .
c) 先行词为序数词(the last)、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。.
The first English book that I read was “The Prince and the Pauper” by Mark Twin .
d) 先行词既有人，又有物时。
He talked about the teachers and schools that he visited .
e)当主句是以who 或which 开始的特殊疑问句时，用that 以避免重复。
Who is the person that is standing at the gate .
f)关系代词在从句中做表语
He is not the man that he used to be .
2 、关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点、方式或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。
1)when, where, why，how
关系副词when, where, why,how的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构，因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用，例如：
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?
I’m surprised the way how (by which) he works out the problem .
注意：
①在非限制性定语从句中，"介词+ which"结构不能代替关系副词。
如：They set up a state for their own , where they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves .
②含有介词短语的动词一般不能拆开，介词仍放在动词后面。
Is this the book which (that) she was looking for ?
3、名词/数词/代词 /形容词最高级 + 介词 + 关系代词引导定语从句
She has written a book , the name of which I have forgotten .
There are fifty-five students in our class , all of whom are working hard .
There are five continents in the world , the largest of which is Asia .
4、 as, which 引导非限定性定语从句的差别：
由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.
as可引导非限制性从句，常带有'正如'的意思。
As is know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
用法区别：
(1) as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。
As we all know , he never smokes .
(2) as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。
(3)非限定性定语从句中出现expect , think , suppose 等表示猜测、想象、预料等时。
She succeeded in her doing the research work , as we expected .
(4)As 的用法 the same… as；such…as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和……一样……。
I should like to use the same tool as is used here .
We should have such a dictionary as he is using .