哪有《孙子兵法》古文+解析 TXT下载

最好是一句古文一句赏析的那种,跪求!!
2025-02-12 08:43:37
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

[提要]本篇为《孙子》首篇,纲领全文。其核心是两点:一是“庙算”,军事上的战略运筹,对未来胜负条件的基本估计。一是“诡道十二法”,实际战场态势中的指挥原则。“诡道”十二法可分为两类,一类是“示形”以机诈取胜;一类是“权变”,各种情况下的不同作战原则。

孙子说:战争是国家的大事,它关系到士兵的生死,国家的存亡,是不可不认真考察研究的。 所以,要从以下五个方面分析研究,比较敌我双方的七种条件,以探求战争胜负的情形。一是道,的变化,必须因时制宜,以顺天时。所谓“地”、是指路程的远近,地势的险阻或平坦,作战地域的宽广或狭窄,地形是否利于攻守进退。所谓“将”,是指将帅的智谋才能,赏罚有信,爱抚士卒,勇敢果断,军纪严明。所谓“法”,是指军队组织编制、将吏的统辖管理和职责区分、军用物资的供应和管理等制度规定。以上五个方面,将帅没有不知道的;只有深刻了解,确实掌握才能打胜仗,否则,就不能取胜。因此,要从以下七个方面来考核比较,以探求战争胜负的情形,就是说:哪一方的国君比较贤明?哪一方的将帅比较有才能?哪一方占得比较有利的天时地利条件?哪一方的法令能切实贯彻执行?哪一方的军队实力强盛?哪一方的士卒训练有素?哪一方赏罚严明?我根据以上七个方面核查对比,就可以判明谁胜谁负了。如果能够听从我的计谋,指挥作战一定胜利,我就留下;如果不能听从我的计谋,指挥作战一定失败,我就离去。有利的计策已被采纳,还要设法造“势”,以辅助作战的进行。所谓“势”,就是根据情况是否有利而采取相应的行动。用兵打仗是一种诡诈的行为。所以,能攻而装作不能攻,要用某人而装作不用他,要在近处行动而装作要在远处行动,要在远处行动而装作要在近处行动,对于贪利的敌人,要用小利引诱他,对于处于混乱状态的敌人,要乘机攻取他,对于力量充实的敌人,要加倍防备他,对于强大的敌人,要暂时避开他,对于易怒的敌人,要用挑逗的办法激怒他,对于鄙视我方的敌人,要使其更加骄傲,对于休整得充分的敌人,要设法疲劳他。对于内部和睦的敌人,要设法离间他。要在敌人无准备的状态下乘机攻击,要在敌人意想不到的情况下突然袭取。这些都是军事家取得胜利的奥妙所在,是不可事先加以具体规定的。在开战之前,“庙算”能够胜过敌人的,是因为按五事七计经过周密研究,有十之八九正确,得到的胜利条件多;开战之前,“庙算”不能胜过敌人的,是因为研究不周,只有十之四五正确,所得的胜利条件少。研究周密,胜利条件多,当能胜敌,研究不周,胜利条件少,不能胜敌,而何况研究完全错误!没有胜利条件呢!我们从五事七计来考察敌我情况,谁胜谁负就可看出来了。

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