金融工具是什么??

哪里用到?有什么用途??
2025-01-22 12:22:16
推荐回答(3个)
回答1:

金融工具是用来证明贷者与借者之间融通货币余缺的书面证明,其最基本的要素为支付的金额与支付条件。
金融工具按其流动性来划分,可分为两大类:(1)具有完全流动性的金融工具。这是指现代的信用货币。现代信用货币有两种形式:纸币和银行活期存款,可看做银行的负债,已经在公众之中取得普遍接受的资格,转让是不会发生任何麻烦的。这种完全的流动性可看作金融工具的一个极端。(2)具有有限流动性的金融工具。这些金融工具也具备流通、转让、被人接受的特性,但附有一定的条件。包括存款凭证、商业票据、股票、债券等。它们被接受程度取决于这种金融工具的性质。
一般认为,金融工具具有以下特征:
(1)偿还期。偿还期是指借款人拿到借款开始,到借款全部偿还清为止所经历的时间。各种金融工具在发行时一般都具有不同的偿还期。从长期来说,有l0年、 20年、50年。还有一种永久性债务,这种公债借款人同意以后无限期地支付利息,但始终不偿还本金,这是长期的一个极端。在另一个极端,银行活期存款随时可以兑现,其偿还期实际等于零。
(2)流动性。这是指金融资产在转换成货币时,其价值不会蒙受损失的能力。除货币以外,各种金融资产都存在着不同程度的不完全流动性。其他的金融资产在没有到期之前要想转换成货币的话,或者打一定的折扣,或者花一定的交易费用,一般来说,金融工具如果具备下述两个特点,就可能具有较高的流动性:第一、发行金融资产的债务人信誉高,在已往的债务偿还中能及时、全部履行其义务。第二,债务的期限短。这样它受市场利率的影响很小,转现时所遭受亏损的可能性就很少。
(3)安全性。指投资于金融工具的本金是否会遭受损失的风险。风险可分为两类:一是债务人不履行债务的风险。这种风险的大小主要取决于债务人的信誉以及债务人的社会地位。另一类风险是市场的风险,这是金融资产的市场价格随市场利率的上升而跌落的风险。当利率上升时,金融证券的市场价格就下跌;当利率下跌时,则金融证券的市场价格就上涨。证券的偿还期越长,则其价格受利率变动的影响越大。一般来说,本金安全性与偿还期成反比,即偿还期越长,其风险越大,安全性越小。本金安全性与流动性成正比,与债务人的信誉也成正比。
(4)收益性。是指金融工具能定期或不定期给持有人带来收益的特性。金融工具收益性的大小,是通过收益率来衡量的,其具体指标有名义收益率、实际收益率、平均收益率等。

回答2:

“金融工具组合”,它跟投资组合的意思有点相近,都是从风险和报酬的角度来考虑的,组合的目的都是为了降低风险提高报酬。

回答3:

什么是金融工具

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