请问加气混凝土砌块砖为什么要用专用的砌筑和抹面砂浆?

2024-12-06 17:31:01
推荐回答(4个)
回答1:

  加气混凝土砌块砖要用专用的砌筑和抹面砂浆,是由于加气砌块封闭多孔的性能,使其表面吸水快,而及至内部很难。形成浇不透现象。用提前浣水湿透的方法不先适用加气砌块,当采用传统砂浆外加剂保水性差,在砌抹加气砌块时,砂浆中的水份被加气砌块吸收,导致水泥化不充分,强度不能正常发挥,砂浆粘结和抗压强度低,砂浆和砌块粘结不牢而影响砌体质量,开裂、空鼓、脱落、断层。另外普通砂浆抗压强度较高,而加气砌块抗压强度较低,两者性能不匹配。因此传统砂浆外加剂不适宜砌抹加气块。加气砌块所用的砌抹砂浆,首先保水性要好,这样可阻止砂浆中的水份被砌块吸走,既保证施工操作性又有利于砂浆强度发展要有较高的粘结性,以保证砌体质量。

  加气混凝土砌块是一种轻质多孔、保温隔热、防火性能良好、可钉、可锯、可刨和具有一定抗震能力的新型建筑材料。早在三十年代初期,中国就开始生产这种产品,并广泛使用。

回答2:

由于加气砌块封闭多孔的性能,使其表面吸水快,而及至内部很难。形成浇不透现象。用提前浣水湿透的方法不先适用加气砌块,当采用传统砂浆外加剂保水性差,在砌抹加气砌块时,砂浆中的水份被加气砌块吸收,导致水泥化不充分,强度不能正常发挥,砂浆粘结和抗压强度低,砂浆和砌块粘结不牢而影响砌体质量,开裂、空鼓、脱落、断层。另外普通砂浆抗压强度较高,而加气砌块抗压强度较低,两者性能不匹配。因此传统砂浆外加剂不适宜砌抹加气块。加气砌块所用的砌抹砂浆,首先保水性要好,这样可阻止砂浆中的水份被砌块吸走,既保证施工操作性又有利于砂浆强度发展要有较高的粘结性,以保证砌体质量。
参考资料:http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_65896af60100s008.html

回答3:

《砌体工程施工质量验收规范》(GB 50203—2002)与其他砌体一样,对砂浆主要规定了强度等级要求和水泥要求,并没有针对性明确规定。《蒸压加气混凝土用砌筑砂浆与抹面砂浆》(JC 890-2001)中对砌筑和抹灰用砂浆的干密度、分层度、凝结时间、导热系数、抗折强度、抗压强度、粘结强度、抗冻性、收缩性能等均作了规定,但在实际施工过程中大多执行GB 50203—2002,很少执行JC 890-2001标准,而标准中“抗折强度、粘结强度、收缩性能”恰恰对砌体裂缝影响较大。我们认为在传统湿作业工艺施工中应严格执行JC 890-2001标准对砂浆严格控制。
现在推行的一种新型施工工艺——干法施工,即采用专用粘结剂替代砌筑砂浆砌筑墙体,用粉刷石膏替代抹灰砂浆,该方法较好的解决了由于湿作业施工导致因施工时砌块含水率过大而造成的干缩裂缝问题。大量工程应用实例表明对裂缝有较好的控制效果。
4 界面接缝处连接处理问题
目前争论较多的是所谓“抗”和“放”的问题,所谓“抗”,即“刚性连接”,常见的是砌体顶部用斜砌顶紧,在砌体与混凝土结构之间采用钢丝网防止裂缝。在砂浆中放入钢丝网,可使砂浆中的应力在一定程度上得以分散,提高了砂浆的抗裂能力。经测试,采用钢丝网,在收缩变形小于0.2mm时有效,当变形大于0.2mm时裂缝仍会出现。不采用钢丝网时,裂缝一般为上下贯通的一条缝;采用钢丝网时,裂缝在一个区域内产生,有时是几条互相不贯通的裂缝。但是由于加气混凝土墙体变形往往超过0.2mm,因此,采用钢丝网防裂的效果不太理想。所谓“放”,即“柔性连接”,目前常见做法,砌体顶部留置缝隙,塞PV棒,用发泡剂等柔性材料填嵌,表面用柔性腻子消除裂缝。从实际使用来看关键问题在于面层,即能否找到满足抗裂要求质量好的柔性腻子,目前市场上柔性腻子鱼目混珠、真假难辨,效果差别太大。
加气混凝土砌块是新型材料,其特性与传统的粘土砖材料有着显著的差别,但目前施工规范和实际施工工艺来看,无论砌筑还是抹灰,大多沿袭了传统的施工工艺模式。如果在我们不突破传统施工管理思维模式,根本无法解决其裂缝问题,只有在施工过程中针对其特点,对传统工艺进行大胆革新,才可能找到解决问题的有效措施。

回答4:

为了防止出现空鼓和开裂现象,需要专业砂浆。

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