黄瓜的病虫害防治,黄瓜猝倒病如何防治?

2024-12-29 12:55:42
推荐回答(4个)
回答1:

黄瓜德里腐霉菌侵染黄瓜幼苗引起的猝倒病,发病后12小时根呈浅黄色水渍状,其上长出菌丝,24小时后茎基呈水渍状倒伏,根部变色加深,48小时后,根、茎、叶呈浅黄色水渍状软腐,可在根组织里产生大量卵孢子,致根部的表皮高隆或导致皮层破裂(彩图3)。

防治方法:预防为主综合防治。

(1)农业防治。①苗床应选在避风向阳、高燥的地块,要求既有利于排水,调节床土温度,又有利于采光,提高地温。②选用农大1号、中农2号、春香、津春3号等耐低温弱光、早熟品种。育苗床必要时更新床土,施用酵素菌沤制的堆肥或充分腐熟的有机肥。生产上多选用老菜园中的土壤作为床土,虽土壤肥沃,但土壤中病原菌也多,因此应设法选用新土。必须用旧床土时,应把表层园土在加热的铁板上高温灭菌或用开水烫过。③苗床或棚室施用日本酵素菌沤制的堆肥,尽量减少化肥及农药施用量,生产无公害蔬菜。

(2)化学消毒法。杀灭土壤中的病菌。具体做法是:在播种前15~20天,每平方米苗床用40%的拌种灵粉剂加50%福美双粉剂1∶1混合或用40%五氯?拌种双粉剂每平方米用药8克,对细干土40千克,充分混匀后备用;播种前先浇透底水,待水渗下后,取1/3拌好的药土撒在床面上,然后再把催好芽的种子播好,最后把余下的2/3药土覆盖在种子上,覆土厚约1厘米,使种子夹在药土中间,此法既可防治猝倒病,又可兼治立枯病。

(3)种子消毒。黄瓜种子用50℃温水消毒20分钟,或70℃干热灭菌72小时后催芽播种也有一定效果。提倡使用黄瓜种衣剂9-2号,用量为种子质量的0.5%(有效成分量),折算成商品量为(0.5×100)÷20=2.5克,即2.5毫升拌100克种子即可。

(4)采用热水循环温床育苗法。在背风向阳或日光塑料温室中间挖一育苗畦,深25厘米,在畦两头隔10厘米插一木橛,按照铺地热线的方法,在木橛上缠绕塑料软管,软管直径1厘米左右,内径大于0.2厘米,外壁厚0.18~0.2厘米,将软管两端伸出畦外各50厘米,高于畦面端为进水口,要高出热水器1.5米,低于畦面端为排水口,边侧为回水口,软管上铺育苗营养土20厘米用开水灌畦,1次灌透。当地温稳定在35℃时,开始播种已催好芽的种子,覆土约1厘米,再覆地膜及高为40厘米的小拱棚。当地温降至20℃以下时,开始从进水口加热水补温,也可连接蜂窝煤球炉或其他热源制成热水循环器(用铁板焊成铝壶状)效果更好,出苗后降温以利幼苗茁壮成长,这样做发病少、出苗快。

(5)齐苗后白天苗床或棚温保持25~30℃,夜间保持10~15℃,防止寒流侵袭。苗床或棚室湿度不宜过高,连阴雨或雨雪天气或床土不干应少浇水或不浇水,必须浇水时可用喷壶轻浇以免湿度过高。当塑料膜或玻璃及秧苗叶片上有水珠凝结时,要及时通风或撒些草木灰降湿。

(6)选用无滴膜盖棚室,改善光照条件,增加光照强度,以利光合作用提高幼苗抗病力。

(7)采用二氧化碳施肥技术或施用惠满丰多元复合有机活性液体肥料,每667米2施用320毫升,稀释500倍,喷施2次。

(8)及时检查,发现病苗立即拔除。及时喷洒70%百德富可湿性粉剂600倍液、70%安泰生(丙森锌)可湿性粉剂500~700倍液或69%安克锰锌可湿性粉剂1000倍液、58%甲霜灵?锰锌可湿性粉剂800倍液、72.2%普力克水剂400倍液、15%恶霉灵(土菌消)水剂450倍液,每平方米喷淋对好的药液2~3升,防治1~2次。

(9)在土壤中添加0.5%或1%的SH混合物,或用稻壳、蔗渣、虾壳粉、矽酸炉渣等加适量尿素、过磷酸钙、硝酸钾等制成土壤添加剂均可减轻发病。

(10)喷洒绿风95植物生长调节剂800倍液,增强抗病力。喷淋95%绿亨1号精品3000倍液。

回答2:

防治措施:
1、种子和土壤消毒处理,选留无病种子,播种前用杀菌剂加新高脂膜浸种,并及时清除前茬作物病残体,并配合喷施50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂加新高脂膜800倍液进行对土壤进行消毒处理,减少土壤中病菌基数。
2、加强管理,苗期易发病,出苗后应适时中耕除草,促进根系发育、促苗加速生长成壮苗,并喷施新高脂膜保护幼苗;在生长期适时浇水、追肥,喷施促花王3号抑制枝梢疯长,促进花芽分化;在花蕾期喷施壮瓜蒂灵,增粗果蒂,促进果实发育,提高黄瓜品质。
3、及时防治,苗期如发现病株应及时拔除病苗深埋,再以药土撒苗床消毒,喷施新高脂膜形成保护膜;生长期如发现病株应及时拔除病苗深埋,同时根据植保要求喷施针对性药剂进行防治,并配合喷施新高脂膜增强药效,巩固防治效果。

回答3:

黄瓜猝倒病属于真菌性土传病害,在低温高湿条件下易发病,在有水、有雨条件下传播较快,发病初期茎基部有水浸状病斑,渐变黄褐色,并逐渐干枯,呈线状,使幼苗突然贴地倒伏,当湿度大时,还会出现腐烂状,并有白絮状菌丝。在果实上发病,则病斑扩大,呈黄褐色,水渍状,大斑块腐烂,病瓜外表有白絮状菌丝。
防治措施:
1、种子和土壤消毒处理,选留无病种子,播种前用杀菌剂加新高脂膜浸种,并及时清除前茬作物病残体,并配合喷施50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂加新高脂膜800倍液进行对土壤进行消毒处理,减少土壤中病菌基数。
2、加强管理,苗期易发病,出苗后应适时中耕除草,促进根系发育、促苗加速生长成壮苗,并喷施新高脂膜保护幼苗;在生长期适时浇水、追肥,喷施促花王3号抑制枝梢疯长,促进花芽分化;在花蕾期喷施壮瓜蒂灵,增粗果蒂,促进果实发育,提高黄瓜品质。
3、及时防治,苗期如发现病株应及时拔除病苗深埋,再以药土撒苗床消毒,喷施新高脂膜形成保护膜;生长期如发现病株应及时拔除病苗深埋,同时根据植保要求喷施针对性药剂进行防治,并配合喷施新高脂膜增强药效,巩固防治效果。

回答4:

黄瓜小菜蛾虫用什么要打

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