弹性理论和塑性理论的区别

2024-11-27 08:24:47
推荐回答(3个)
回答1:

1、研究内容不同

"弹性力学"也称弹性理论,主要研究弹性体在外力作用或温度变化等外界因素下所产生的应力、应变和位移;"塑性力学"也称塑性理论。主要研究物体在塑性变形阶段的应力和变形的规律。

2、解决问题不同

弹性理论解决结构或机械设计中所提出的强度和刚度问题。塑性理论解题成型的方式。

3、理论指导下的实际操作方式不同

塑性变形指金属零件在外力作用下产生不可恢复的永久变形。弹性变形指材料在受到外力作用时产生变形或者尺寸的变化,而且能够恢复的变形叫做弹性变形。

扩展资料

五种计算理论:

1.线弹性分析方法。结构设计大多数都是按线弹性分析的。国内外所有设计软件在分析的时候,也都是作线弹性分析。按弹性理论结构分析方法认为,结构某一截面达到承载力极限状态,结构即达到承载力极限状态。

2. 塑性重分布方法。我国规范和软件中,单向板、梁等,都是此种方法。这种方法其实只是在线弹性分析结果上的一种内力调整。结构承载力的可靠度低于按弹性理论设计的结构,结构的变形及塑性绞处的混凝土裂缝宽度随弯矩调整幅度增加而增大。

3. 塑性极限方法。双向板一般按这种方法设计。但是双向板也可以按弹性分析结果设计,在PMCAD 里可以选择。按塑性理论结构分析方法认为,结构出现塑性绞后,结构形成几何可变体系,结构即达到承载力极限状态。

4. 非线性分析方法。有几何非线性和材料非线性分析之分,原理及内容较多,需看相关书籍。但一般设计很少做非线性分析,只有少数情形需要,如特殊结构特殊作用。比如罕遇地震分析,p-delta 分析,push 分析等。

5. 试验分析方法。国外对复杂结构一般进行模型试验分析。国内很少做。

参考资料来源:百度百科-弹性理论

参考资料来源:百度百科-塑性形变理论

回答2:

弹性理论和塑性理论的区别:
"弹性力学"也称弹性理论,主要研究弹性体在外力作用或温度变化等外界因素下所产生的应力、应变和位移,从而解决结构或机械设计中所提出的强度和刚度问题。
"塑性力学"也称塑性理论。主要研究物体在塑性变形阶段的应力和变形的规律。当外力加大到一定程度使材料内部的应力超过某一极限值后,即使将外力除去,变形并不能完全消失,而是保留了一部分残余变形,这一性质就是材料的塑性。塑性变形的特点是不可逆性。

回答3:

Plastic design offers several advantages over the traditional elastic design. With plastic
analysis, a structure can be designed to form a preselected yield mechanism at ultimate
load level leading to a known and predetermined response during extreme events. This
has special significance in the context of Performance-Based Design philosophy where
it is essential for the structure to deform in a preselected manner to achieve desired
levels of performance. Because of this and other advantages, many of the design
guidelines and specifications particularly for seismic applications, rely directly or
indirectly on plastic design concepts.
这是原文
大意是指基于塑性理论的设计能预先选择构件的屈服机制(参考yield line theory), 因而能有效的利用材料的性质, 从而节省材料。混凝土板的设计一般会是基于塑性理论的。
实际工作中,弹性理论设计和塑性理论设计是相结合的。

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