空港在经济发展中有哪些作用?并作简要地说明。

2025-02-13 12:26:49
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

  空港依托机场优势以及机场对周边地区产生直接或间接的经济影响,在机场周边形成与航空运输相关的空港配套现代服务业等产业集群,促使资本、技术、人力等生产要素在机场周边集聚的一种新型经济形态。由于空港汇聚的往往是社会经济资源中的高端资源,同时具有技术先导性、市场速达性、全球易达性等特点,使得空港经济的巨大集聚辐射作用得以充分体现, 极大地带动了周边区域的快速发展,从而成为区域经济新的增长极
  孟菲斯和苏比克湾,这两个都与FedEx有关。孟菲斯是FedEx的总部,全球转运中心,美国西北航空的第三大转运中心,同时也是美国公路运输的枢纽,是美国主要制造业的中心,如纺织、取暖设备、钢琴、汽车零部件等。在上个世纪70年代之前,这里还是非常冷清,1973年,FedEx转入之后,这里的面貌很快得到改善。苏比克湾就更加明显。1991年,美军的租借期结束,因与菲律宾政府的价格无法沟通,故而被美军放弃。当时的菲律宾政府,为了促进地区经济的发展,凭借美军完成的大量公共基础设施,宣布在此实行自由贸易区政策。由于其优越的地理位置与丰富的旅游资源,很快吸引来了大量的台湾IT制造商在此投资设厂,如宏基等。1995年,FedEx租用原有美军留下的机场,设立亚太地区转运中心,又进一步吸引了大量产业在苏比克湾聚集,实现了5年地区经济产值翻3倍的独特发展速度。
  阿姆斯特丹的史基浦机场。它是欧洲的第三大货运机场、第四大客运机场,是法荷航空、汉莎航空的基地。基于其便利的交通运输环境,政府为了更多的吸引外来投资者,将政府与吸引外来投资的相关职能部门搬到了机场,实现了一站式办公服务。目前,阿姆斯特丹机场已是540多家跨国公司的总部、市场和销售中心。涉及的产业包括IT、航空航天、汽车、医药、电子、金融、时尚等。同时,机场也积极投入非航空产业的发展,拥有一个世界贸易中心、18洞的高尔夫球场、免税购物中心与美术博物馆等。
  同样,还有新加坡机场,是公认的购物者的天堂。当然,还有类似如迪拜机场,由于地区经济的相当发达,政府在政策与经济上的支持,几乎没有外汇管制,进口关税仅为4%,促使了其空港产业区的快速发展,整个迪拜也成功地完成了产业结构的调整,服务产业在GDP中的比例高达74%。

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