推荐回答(2个)
“完璧归赵”中的人物:蔺相如、赵王、秦王
战国时候,赵王得到了一块楚国原先丢失的一块名贵宝玉——“和氏璧”。这件事情让秦王知道了,他就派使者对赵王说,自己愿意用十五座城池来换"和氏璧"。
赵王看了信,心里想:秦王一向是只想占便宜,不肯吃亏的人。这一次怎么这么大方?要是不答应他的请求吧,怕秦国兴兵来进攻;要是答应吧,又怕上当。他想来想去,拿不定主意,就和大臣们商量,但大臣们也想不出什么好办法来。
蔺相如知道了这件事,便对赵王说:“大王,让我带着'和氏璧'去见秦王吧。到那里我见机行事。如果秦王不肯用十五座城池来交换,我一定把'和氏璧'完整地带回来。”赵王知道蔺相如是个既勇敢又机智的人,就同意他去了。
蔺相如到了秦国,秦王在王宫里接见了他。蔺相如双手把“和氏璧”献给秦王。秦王接过来左看右看,非常喜爱。他看完了,又传给大臣们一个一个地看,然后又交给后宫的妃子们去看。
蔺相如一个人站在旁边,等了很久,也不见秦王提起割让十五座城的事情,他便知道秦王根本没有用十五座城池换取宝玉的诚意。可是宝玉已经到了秦王手里,怎么才能拿回来呢?他想来想去,想出了一个计策。只见蔺相如走上前去,对秦王说:“这块‘和氏璧’虽然看着挺好,可是有一点小瑕疵,让我指给大王看。”秦王一听"和氏璧"有瑕疵,赶紧叫人把宝玉从后宫拿来交给蔺相如,让他指出来。
蔺相如拿着“和氏璧”往后退了几步,身体靠在柱子上,气冲冲地对秦王说:“当初大王差人送信给赵王,说情愿拿十五座城来换赵国的'和氏璧'。赵国大臣都说,千万别相信秦国骗人的话,我可不这么想,我说老百姓还讲信义呐,何况秦国的大王哩!赵王听了我的劝告 蔺相如,这才派我把"和氏璧"送来。没想到方才大王把宝玉接了过去,随便交给下面的人传看,却不提起换十五座城的事情来。这样看来,大王确实没有用城换璧的诚心。现在宝玉在我的手里,如果大王硬要逼迫我,我情愿把自己的脑袋和这块宝玉一块儿撞碎在这根柱子上!”说着,蔺相如举起“和氏璧”,面对柱子,就要摔过去。
秦王本来想叫武士去抢,可是又怕蔺相如真的把宝玉撞碎,连忙向蔺相如赔不是,说:“大夫不要着急,我说的话怎么能不算数哩!”说着叫人把地图拿来,假惺惺地指着地图说:“从这儿到那儿,一共十五座城,都划给赵国。”蔺相如心想,秦王常常会耍鬼把戏,可别再上他的当!他就跟秦王说:“这块‘和氏璧’是天下有名的宝贝。赵王送它到秦国来的时候,斋戒了五天,还在朝廷上举行了隆重的赠送宝玉的仪式。现在大王要接受这块宝玉,也应该斋戒五天,在朝廷上举行接受宝玉的仪式,我这才能把宝玉献上。”秦王本不想这样做,但见蔺相如态度坚决,只得无奈地说:“好!就这么办吧!”说完,他就派人送蔺相如到旅店去休息。
蔺相如拿着那块宝玉到了公馆里。叫一个手下人打扮成一个买卖人的样儿,把那块宝玉包着,藏在身上,偷偷地从小道跑回到赵国去了。至于秦王会把他怎么样,他一点也没有考虑。
后来秦王发觉这件事,后悔已经来不及了.想发兵攻打赵国吧,赵国在军事上作了准备,恐怕打不赢。最后,秦王十分恼怒,可又见蔺相如机智勇敢,是位难得的人才,也没有为难他,便放他回到赵国去了。
这件事情在历史上就叫作“完璧归赵”。
蔺相如
(前329年—前259年),战国时赵国上卿,今山西柳林孟门人,一说山西古县蔺子坪人,官至上卿,赵国宦官头目缪贤的家臣,战国时期著名的政治家、外交家。
完璧归赵
赵惠王得到了一块和氏璧,秦昭王听说后,表示愿意用15城换取和氏璧。赵惠王让蔺相如带和氏璧去,如果赵国得到秦国的城邑,就将和氏璧留在秦国,反之,一定完壁归赵。蔺相如到秦国后,将和氏璧献上,秦昭王大喜,却全无将城邑给赵之意。蔺相如诓说玉上有一小疵点,要指给秦昭王看,拿回了宝玉。他在庭柱旁站定,说:赵王担心秦国自恃强大,得和氏璧而不给城邑,经过我劝说方才答应。赵王斋戒5天,然后才让我捧璧前来,以示对秦国威严的尊重和敬意。不料大王礼仪简慢,毫无交割城邑的诚意,现在若大王一定要抢走宝玉,我宁可将脑袋与宝玉一起在柱子上撞碎。秦昭王无奈,只得划出15个城邑给赵。蔺相如估计秦昭王不过是假意应付,便提出要秦昭王也应斋戒5日,再郑重其事地交换。秦昭王只好应允。蔺相如便派随从怀藏和氏璧,偷偷从小道返回赵国。秦昭王斋戒完毕,举行交换仪式时,蔺相如才把送和氏璧回赵之事告诉秦昭王,从而保全了和氏璧。
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