各位大侠,请教一下炉膛负压是指什么意思?过高或过低对锅炉有什么影响?

2024-11-30 02:19:40
推荐回答(2个)
回答1:

炉膛负压是指锅炉燃烧过程中在满足充足风量的情况下,炉膛保持在负压状态下 (-19.6至-49Pa)运行 。炉膛负压本身具有小幅波动特点。

过高或过低对锅炉的影响:压力过高易造成粉尘外泄、有引起炉膛爆炸的危险,压力过低则会造成风机耗电量增加,排烟损失增加。

炉膛负压控制被调量一般采用三取中选择块,需要注意的是测点的选择必须包含炉膛两侧,不能取在同一侧。另外三取中选择块设置需要注意坏点、偏差大、变化速率设置等切除情况。

扩展资料;

负压控制的意义:

锅炉炉膛负压的大小对于节能影响很大。负压大,被烟气带走的热量相应增大,增加引风机负荷和排烟带走的热量损失,导致热损失增加,煤耗量增大。

压力接近或超过大气压,则锅炉可能出现倒烟 、倒火现象,影响设备和人员安全。理想运行状态应在微负压状态,它能明显增加悬浮煤颗粒在炉膛内的滞留时间,增加沉降,减少飞灰,使煤充分燃烧提高热效率。

锅炉在运行中常出现压力波动,即使负压的基础控制数值较高也时常出现正压回火现象。所以研究改进锅炉的负压控制效果,对于安全生产、节能降耗有着比较重大的意义。

参考资料来源:

百度百科-炉膛负压控制

回答2:

控制和监视炉膛负压的意义
炉膛负压是反映燃烧工况稳定与否的重要参数,是运行中要控制和监视的重要参数之一。炉内燃烧工况一旦发生变化,炉膛负压随即发生相应变化。当锅炉的燃烧系统发生故障或异常时,最先将在炉膛负压上反映出来,而后才是火检、火焰等的变化,其次才是蒸汽参数的变化。因此,监视和控制炉膛负压对于保证炉内燃烧工况的稳定、分析炉内燃烧工况、烟道运行工况、分析某些事故的原因均有极其重要的意义。大多数锅炉采用平衡通风方式,使炉内烟气压力地与外界大气压力,即炉内烟气负压,炉膛内烟气压力最高的部位是炉堂顶部。所谓炉膛负压:即指炉膛顶部的烟气压力。当炉负压过大时,漏风量增大,吸风机电耗,不完全燃烧损失、排烟热损失均增大。甚至使燃烧不稳定甚至灭火炉负压小甚至变为正压,火焰及飞灰将炉膛不严处冒出,恶化工作燃烧造成危及人身及设备安全。故应保持炉膛负压在正常范围内。
运行中引起炉膛负压波动的重要原因为燃烧工况的变化,在吸、送风机保持不变的情况,由于燃烧工况的变化总有小量的变化,故炉膛负压总是波动的,当燃烧不稳定时炉膛压力将产生强烈波动,炉膛负压即相应作出大幅度的剧烈的波动。当炉膛压力发生剧烈脉动时,往往是灭火的前兆,这时必须加强监视和检查炉内燃烧工况、分析原因,并及时运行调整和处理。同时,烟气流经各对流受热面时,要克服流动阻力,故沿烟气流程烟道各点的负压是逐渐增大的。在不同负荷时,由于烟气量变化,烟道各点负压也相应变化,如负荷升高,烟道各点负压相应增大;反之,相应减小。在正常运行中,烟道各点负压与负荷保持一定的变化规律,当某段受热面发生结渣,积灰和局部堵灰时,由于烟气流通断面减小,烟气流速升高,阻力增大,于是其出入口的压差及出口负压值相应增大,故通过监视烟道各点负压即烟气温度的变化,可及时发现各段受热面的积灰、堵灰、漏泄等缺陷或发生二次燃烧的事故。所以,在正常情况下,炉膛负压和各烟道的负压都有大致相同的变化范围。运行中,如发现数值上有不正常的变化时,应进行全面分析,查明原因,及时处理,避免各种异常及事故生,保证炉的安全运行。

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