什么是冗余的拓扑结构?冗余 设计有什么样的优点,同时带来了哪些缺点?用什么技术可以解决这些缺点。
推荐回答(1个)
冗余拓扑应该是指拓扑图中没有关节点,即任何一个节点失效不影响整个网络的连通性
简单地说就是关键网络节点有备份,网络正常运行时采用负载均衡方式运行,若一个节点失效则自动切换到备份节点
冗余拓扑结构 能解决单点故障的问题
冗余拓扑结构 会引起广播风暴,多帧COPY,MAC地址表错误的问题
1.广播风暴
当主机X发送一个广播包后,
假设SWITCH A在SEGMENT1收到广播包后,SWITCH A收到数据包后把数据广播到所有端口(除了数据包进入的端口)
SWITCH B在SEGMENT 2网络收到数据包后会把数据广播到所有端口(除了数据包进入的端口)
SWITCH A在SEGMENT 1网络收到数据包后会把数据广播到所有端口(除了数据包进入的端口)。
以此继续就会把带宽完耗尽
2.多帧COPY
当主机X向ROUTER Y发送数据包时
如果SWITCH A和SWITCH B也是刚刚启动,这时候它们MAC表里都没有ROUTER Y的MAC地址
SWITCH A就会广播该数据包,
SWITCH B就会在SEGMENT2 收到SWITCH A的广播包,SWITCH B也发现自己MAC表没有这个目的MAC,它也会把该包广播到SEGMENT 1,
这时ROUTER Y就会收到多个同样的数据包
3.MAC表不稳定
当主机X发送数据到ROUTER Y时
如果SWITCH A和SWITCH B也是刚刚启动,这时候它们MAC表里都没有ROUTER Y的MAC地址
收到数据包后,SWITCH A就会广播该数据包,并把源MAC添加到MAC表,然后认为HOST X在端口0
收到数据包后,SWITCH B就会广播该数据包,并把源MAC添加到MAC表,然后认为HOST X在端口0
当SWITCH B在SEGMENT2收到SWITCH A的广播包后又认为HOST X在端口1
当SWITCH A在SEGMENT2收到SWITCH B的广播包后又认为HOST X在端口1
这时就会造成交换机MAC表的不稳定
Sanning-Tree Protocol用于解决冗余拓扑结构所带来的问题。解决的办法是把冗余拓扑结构中的某个端口置于BLOCK的状态,在另一条链路断开时,再打开该端口。
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