推荐回答（5个）
压铸件的缺陷特征,产生原因,防止方法
名称 流痕及花纹 网状毛翅 脆性 裂纹 缩孔缩松
特征及检查方法 外观检查:铸件表面上有与金属液流动方向一致的条纹,有明显可见的与金属基体颜色不一样无方向性的纹路,无发展趋势。 外观检查:压铸件表面上有网状发丝一样凸起或凹陷的痕迹,随压铸次数增加而不断扩大和延伸 外观检查或金相检查:合金晶粒粗大或极小,使铸件易断裂或碰碎 外观检查:将铸件放在碱性溶液中,裂纹处呈暗灰色金属基体的破坏与裂开呈直线或波浪形,纹路狭小而长,在外力作用下有发展趋向裂纹有穿透和不穿透两种 解剖外观检查或探伤检查;缩孔表面呈暗色并不光滑,形状不规则的孔洞,大而集中的为缩孔,小而分散的为缩松
产生原因 1,首先进入型腔的金属液形成一个极薄的而又不完全的金属层后,被后来的金属液所弥补而留下的痕迹。2,模温过低3,内浇道截面积过小及位置不当产生喷溅。4,作用于金属液上的压力不足花纹:涂料用量过多。 1,压铸模型腔表面龟裂2,压铸模材质不当或热处理工艺不正确3,压铸模冷热温差变化太大4,浇注温度过高5,压铸模预热不足6,型腔表面粗糙7,压铸模壁薄或有尖角 1,合金过热太大或保温时间过长2,激烈过冷,结晶过细3,铝合金含有锌铁等杂质太多4,铝合金中含铜超出规定范围 在铸件上由于应力或外力而产生的裂纹1,锌合金铸件的裂纹(1)锌合金中有害杂质铅,锡,铁和镉的含量超过了规定范围(2)铸件从压铸模中取出过迟(3)型芯的抽出或推出受力不均(4)铸件的厚薄相接处转变剧烈(5)熔炼温度过高 2,铝合金铸件的裂纹(1)合金中铁含量过高或硅含量过低(2)合金中有害杂质的含量过高,降低了合金的的可塑性(3)铝硅合金:铝硅铜合金含锌或含铜量过高;铝镁合金中含镁量过多(4)模具,特别是型芯温度太低(5)铸件壁厚有剧烈变化之处(6)留模时间过长(7)顶出时受力不均 3,镁合金铸件的裂纹(1)合金中铝硅含量高(2)模具温度低(3)铸件壁厚薄变化剧裂(4)顶出和抽芯受力不均匀 4,铜合金铸件的裂纹(1)黄铜中锌的含量过高(冷裂)或过低(热裂)(2)硅黄铜中硅的含量高(3)开模时间晚,特别是型芯多的铸件 缩孔是压铸件在冷凝过程中,内部补偿不足而造成的孔穴1,浇注温度过高2,压射比压低3,铸件在结构上有金属积聚的部位和截面变化剧烈4,内浇道较小
防止方法 1,提高模温2,调整内浇道截面积或位置3,调整内浇道速度及压力4,适当地选用涂料及调整用量 1,正确选用压铸模材料及热处理工艺2,浇注温度不宜过高尤其是高熔点合金3,模具预热要充分4,压铸模要定期或压铸一定次数后退火,打磨成型部分表面 1,合金不宜过热2,提高模具温度,降低浇注温度3,严格控制合金成分在允许的范围内 1,合金材料的配比要注意杂质含量不要超过起点要求2,调整好开模时间3,要使推杆受力均匀4,改变壁厚不均匀性 1,正确控制合金成分,在某些情况下:可在合金中加纯铝锭以降低合金中含镁量;或在合金中加铝硅中间合金以提高硅含量2,提高模具温度3,改变铸件结构4,调整抽芯机构或使推杆受力均匀 1,合金中加纯镁以降低铝硅含量2,模具温度要控制在要求的范围内3,改进铸件结构消除厚薄变化较大的截面4,调整好型芯和推,杆使之受力均衡 1,保证合金的化学成分合金元素取其下限:硅黄铜在配制时,硅和锌的含量不能同时取上限2,提高模具温度3,适当控制调整开模时间 1,改变铸件结构消除金属积聚及截面变化大处2,在可能条件下降低浇注温度3,提高压射比压4,适当改善浇注系统,使压力更好的传递
熔炼是将铝合金锭融化，去杂质，提炼的一道工艺，压铸是制品成型的工艺，其他工艺较杂，一半熔炼比较危险，很热，幸苦，压铸较为轻松点，但也很危险，嘈杂，操作要求高。
压铸车间都比较累，但是我觉得进入压铸车间在压铸岗位接触的东西比较多，比较容易学技术，看楼主自己的选择，仅供参考。
哥们儿这心态别工作了，自己当老板还辛苦呢！还没开始做就想做最轻松的。越苦的工作越学的到东西。
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