推荐回答(2个)
这样的问法好笼统,不过,还是把我整理的给你看看吧~个人整理,无复制的哦~
A:分类:
1:隐式游标:非用户明确声明而产生的游标. 你根本看不到cursor这个关键字.
2:显示游标:用户明确通过cursor关键字来声明的游标.
3:引用游标:
B:什么是隐式游标:
1:什么时候产生:
会在执行任何合法的SQL语句中产生.他不一定存放数据.也有可能存放记录集所影响的行数.
如果执行SELECT语句,这个时候游标会存放数据.如果执行INSERT、UPDATE、 DELETE会存放记录影响的行数.
C:隐式游标叫什么名字:
名字叫sql
关于sql的游标变量到底有哪些呢?
作用:返回最近一次执行SQL语句所涉及的游标相关信息.因为每执行一次SQL语句,都会产生一个隐式游标.那么当前执行的SQL语句就是当前的隐式游标.
sql%found
sql%notfound
sql%rowcount
sql%isopen
D:关于隐式游标的例子:
create table 学生基本信息表
(
StuID number(2),
StuName varchar2(20)
)
alter table 学生基本信息表 add constraint PK_STUID primary key(StuID)
declare
num number:=0;
begin
num:=#
delete from 学生基本信息表 where StuID=num;
if sql%notfound then
dbms_output.put_line('该行数据没有发现');
else
dbms_output.put_line('数据被发现并删除,影响的行数为:'||sql%rowcount);
end if;
end;
E:关于显示游标的例子:
1:如何定义显示游标
declare cursor is [select语句];
declare cursor mycur is select empno,ename,job from scott.emp;
2:如何打开游标:
open ;
open mycur;
3:如何通过游标来读取数据
fetch into
4:如何关闭游标:
close ;
close mycur;
注意:在Oracle中,不需要显示销毁游标.因为在Oracle中,很多东西是由JAVA写的.Oracle会自动销毁游标.
5:举例:
declare
cursor mycur is select empno,ename,job from emp; --创建游标
vempno emp.empno%type;
vename emp.ename%type;
vjob emp.job%type;
begin
open mycur;--打开游标
fetch mycur into vempno,vename,vjob;--使用数据
dbms_output.put_line('I Found You!'||mycur%rowcount||'行');
dbms_output.put_line('读取的数据为'||vempno||' '||vename||' '||vjob);
close mycur;
end;
因为只读出来一条,所以要遍历一下:
declare
cursor mycur is select empno,ename,job from emp;
vempno emp.empno%type;
vename emp.ename%type;
vjob emp.job%type;
begin
open mycur;
loop—循环,遍历
fetch mycur into vempno,vename,vjob;
exit when mycur%notfound;
if mycur%found then
dbms_output.put_line('读取的数据为'||vempno||' '||vename||' '||vjob);
end if;
end loop;
dbms_output.put_line('I Found You!'||mycur%rowcount||'行');
close mycur;
end;
6:通常情况下我们在读取表数据的时候,我们需要动态的去查询.所以能不能在Oracle中给游标带参数呢?可以!
1):如何定义带参数的游标:
declare cursor (参数名称 参数类型描述) is select xxxxx from bbbbb where aaa==??? and ccc=???;
2):例子:
游标是一个集合,读取数据有两种方式
第一种方式: open fetch close
第二种方式: for 一但使用了for循环 ,在循环刚刚开始的时候,相当于执行open,在处理循环的时候,相当于执行fetch,在退出循环的时候,相当于执行了close
Declare cursor query(vname varchar) is select empno,ename,job from emp where ename like'%'||vname||'%';
三种游标的例子:
--
DECLARE
CURSOR TEST_CUR IS
SELECT * FROM EMP;
MY_CUR EMP%ROWTYPE;
BEGIN
OPEN TEST_CUR;
FETCH TEST_CUR INTO MY_CUR;
WHILE TEST_CUR%FOUND
LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(MY_CUR.EMPNO||','||MY_CUR.ENAME);
FETCH TEST_CUR INTO MY_CUR;
END LOOP;
CLOSE TEST_CUR;
END;
--
DECLARE
CURSOR TEST_CUR IS
SELECT * FROM EMP;
BEGIN
FOR MY_CUR IN TEST_CUR
LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(MY_CUR.EMPNO||','||MY_CUR.ENAME);
END LOOP;
END;
--
DECLARE
CURSOR TEST_CUR(V_SAL NUMBER) IS
SELECT *
FROM EMP
WHERE SAL > V_SAL;
V_SAL1 NUMBER ;
BEGIN
V_SAL1 := 2000;
FOR MY_CUR IN TEST_CUR(V_SAL1)
LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(MY_CUR.EMPNO||','||MY_CUR.ENAME);
END LOOP;
END;
--<1>定义游标
--<2>定义游标变量
--<3>使用for循环来使用这个游标
--前向游标 只能往一个方向走
--效率很高
declare
--类型定义
cursor cc is select empno,ename,job,sal
from emp where job = 'MANAGER';
--定义一个游标变量
ccrec cc%rowtype;
begin
--for循环
for ccrec in cc loop
dbms_output.put_line(ccrec.empno||'-'||ccrec.ename||'-'||ccrec.job||'-'||ccrec.sal);
end loop;
end;
(2) fetch游标
--使用的时候 必须要明确的打开和关闭
declare
--类型定义
cursor cc is select empno,ename,job,sal
from emp where job = 'MANAGER';
--定义一个游标变量
ccrec cc%rowtype;
begin
--打开游标
open cc;
--loop循环
loop
--提取一行数据到ccrec中
fetch cc into ccrec;
--判断是否提取到值,没取到值就退出
--取到值cc%notfound 是false
--取不到值cc%notfound 是true
exit when cc%notfound;
dbms_output.put_line(ccrec.empno||'-'||ccrec.ename||'-'||ccrec.job||'-'||ccrec.sal);
end loop;
--关闭游标
close cc;
end;
游标的属性4种
%notfound fetch是否提到数据 没有true 提到false
%found fetch是否提到数据 有true 没提到false
%rowcount 已经取出的记录的条数
%isopen 布尔值 游标是否打开
(3)参数游标
按部门编号的顺序输出部门经理的名字
declare
--部门
cursor c1 is select deptno from dept;
--参数游标c2,定义参数的时候
--只能指定类型,不能指定长度
--参数只能出现在select语句=号的右侧
cursor c2(no number,pjob varchar2) is select emp.* from emp
where deptno = no and job=pjob;
c1rec c1%rowtype;
c2rec c2%rowtype;
--定义变量的时候要指定长度
v_job varchar2(20);
begin
--部门
for c1rec in c1 loop
--参数在游标中使用
for c2rec in c2(c1rec.deptno,'MANAGER') loop
dbms_output.put_line(c1rec.deptno||'-'||c2rec.ename);
end loop;
end loop;
end;
(4)引用游标/动态游标
-- select语句是动态的
declare
--定义一个类型(ref cursor)弱类型
type cur is ref cursor;
--强类型(返回的结果集有要求)
type cur1 is ref cursor return emp%rowtype;
--定义一个ref cursor类型的变量
cura cur;
c1rec emp%rowtype;
c2rec dept%rowtype;
begin
DBMS_output.put_line('输出员工') ;
open cura for select * from emp;
loop
fetch cura into c1rec;
exit when cura%notfound;
DBMS_output.put_line(c1rec.ename) ;
end loop ;
DBMS_output.put_line('输出部门') ;
open cura for select * from dept;
loop
fetch cura into c2rec;
exit when cura%notfound;
DBMS_output.put_line(c2rec.dname) ;
end loop;
close cura;
end;
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