鹅观草饲用价值有哪些?

2025-01-24 02:55:47
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

鹅观草在孕穗期之前,其茎叶鲜嫩柔软,叶量多,比纤毛鹅观草优越。马、牛、羊、兔、鹅均喜欢采食。在亚热带冬季的枯草期,鹅观草的青绿草丛,为各种食草畜禽所喜食。因此,它是一种品质优良的优等牧草。只是,鹅观草从抽穗到果熟的1至1.5个月的期间内,由于其茎秆迅速老化,基生叶和茎生叶逐渐干枯,使其利用价值急剧下降,只有喜粗饲的牛可以利用外,其他畜禽基本不能利用,但经粉碎制成干草粉,亦可搭配利用。

鹅观草在亚热带地区的利用期远比温带地区为长,但无论亚热带还是温带,营养期长,生殖期短却是共同特点。据调查资料证明,鹅观草的营养或果后营养期一青草丛期,比从抽穗到果熟这一段时间长几倍到近十倍。这说明,鹅观草草地宜作放牧利用,不宜作刈割利用。如此长的青草丛期,作为城镇草坪草种也是适宜的。

从鹅观草开花期的营养成分含量看(表30—2),其粗蛋白质、粗脂肪和无氮浸出物的含量依次为9.65—10.19%,2.6—2.72%和39.9—44.24%;其籽实含粗蛋白质13.87%,粗脂肪1.85%,无氮浸出物35.25%,与纤毛鹅观草、无芒鹅观草(Roegneria mutica)相比,非常近似,与其他禾草的营养成分含量相比亦不逊色。

表30—2 鹅观草的化学成分(占风干物质%)

从鹅观草不同物候期的营养成分含量动态(表30—3)来看,从分蘖期到果熟期,其粗蛋白由26.51%减少到9.57%;粗脂肪则由4.83%,降低为2.30%,呈明显递降的趋势;相反,其粗纤维和无氮浸出物,依次由1.19%增长到31.0%和由29.9%增加到41.35%,呈明显递增的规律。从中不难看出,鹅观草草地作为放牧地利用最为合理,其最适放牧期为拔节期和分蘖期;如作割草利用,以孕穗期为好。这样才能获得较高产的优质草,而收到最佳的饲用效益。

鹅观草的营养价值也是比较高的(表30—4),在青草中,其总能、消化能和可消化蛋白质,依次为14.9MJ/kg、3.56MJ/kg和15g/kg。干草中,其上述指标依次为17.32MJ/kg、4.10MJ/kg和17g/kg。可见,鹅观草的营养价值与一般禾草相比,还是比较高的。

表30—3鹅观草不同物候期的化学成分资料系由湖北省畜牧兽医研究所分析。

表30—4 鹅观草的能量、消化能及可消化蛋白含量

鹅观草的产草量不太高。在温带地区,春播或夏播,当年仅能形成青草丛,低矮,不能刈割,仅可放牧利用,产草量甚低。翌年抽穗期以后,才能形成较高的产草量,亚热带地区亦然。据吉林省畜牧研究所测产资料:生长两年的鹅观草草地,年收2茬,亩产干草250—350kg;另据湖南畜牧兽医研究所的测产资料:1980年10月18日播种,1981年4月20日测产,一次测产为亩产青草1133.4kg。可见,其产草量是不算高的,这一方面与鹅观草再生力不够强有关,更重要的,是与“高草期”时间太短密切相关。

鹅观草可作优等牧草,而且其籽实也是良好的精饲料。此外,它还是一种良好的水土保持植物。尤其鹅观草的营养期或果后营养期很长,在亚热带地区可达8个多月,而且能以绿色草丛越冬,用作城镇冬绿草坪建设,具有很大的开发价值。

栽培要点

鹅观草的栽培,主要用种子繁殖。种子千粒重4.4g,每公斤有22万粒种子,每亩需种子1.75—2kg。只要水热条件适宜,建立人工草地或城镇草坪,技术简单,方便易行。其栽培、田管、收获等技术,基本与纤毛鹅观草相同。

31.青海鹅观草

Roegneria kokonorica Keng

(萧运峰,高洁)

别名

鹅观草

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