推荐回答(1个)
退避三舍:春秋时期,晋国内乱,晋献公的儿子重耳逃到楚国。楚成王收留并款待他,他许诺如晋楚发生战争晋军将退避三舍(一舍为三十里)。后来重耳在秦穆公的帮助下重回晋国执政。晋国支持宋国与楚国发生矛盾,两军在城濮相遇,重耳退避三舍,诱敌深入而大胜。
一鸣惊人:相传楚庄王(另一说为齐威王)临政三年终日作乐,不理朝政。一臣下对庄王说:“听说国中有一只大鸟,三年不飞,三年不鸣,是怎么回事?”庄王说:“此鸟不飞则已,一飞冲天;不鸣则已,一鸣惊人。”然后整顿朝政,富国强兵,短短数年形成大治局面。
卧薪尝胆:春秋时期,吴王夫差打败并俘虏了越王勾践。勾践给夫差喂了三年的马,受尽折磨,回国后立志报仇复国,请范蠡帮助训练军队,任用有贤能的人,自己亲自参加劳动并坚持睡在柴草上,每次饭前均要尝一个苦胆,后来终于灭掉吴国。
老马识途:春秋时期,齐桓公应燕国请求,带兵打败了山戎国的侵犯;山戎国国王密卢逃到孤竹国请求救兵,管仲跟随齐桓公打败了孤竹国的援兵。在回国途中,因假向导引入迷谷,使齐军受困。管仲建议用一匹老马带路而化险为夷。
负荆请罪:战国时,赵国有两位重臣廉颇与蔺相如,因蔺相如多次立功,赵王封他为相国,廉颇不服气,认为自己的武功盖过他的嘴。蔺相如为了国家,对廉颇多次避让,廉颇得知他的良苦用心后惭愧不已,便背着荆条,到蔺相如家门请罪,从此两人和好,成为同生共死的交情。
纸上谈兵:战国时,战国名将赵奢的儿子赵括饱读兵书,能健谈用兵之道,连父亲也难不倒他,自认为是天下无敌。赵奢认为他是纸上谈兵不知交通。后来赵奢死了,赵括顶替廉颇带兵,蔺相如等人极力反对,赵王坚持,赵括在长平之战中损兵40万。
三令五申:孙武流寓于吴,吴王想试试孙武的军事才能,就将180名年轻宫女交给孙武操练。孙武将宫女分作两队,让吴王的宠姬当队长。孙武向宫女们交代了口令之后击鼓传令,宫女们一阵哄笑,队伍乱成一片。孙武再一次下达命令,宫女们只觉得好玩,根本不听命令。孙武说号令既然已经明白又不听令,这是头领之罪,下令将两名队长处死。吴王急忙叫人传令不能斩杀王妃,孙武仍然杀了两个王妃。然后,孙武重新操练宫女,这回没人敢不听号令了。
围魏救赵:战国时,魏军围困赵国京城邯郸。赵国向齐国求救,齐威王命田忌为将,孙膑为军师,出兵救赵。田忌原想直接引兵去救赵国的邯郸,孙膑主张引兵去围攻魏国的京城大梁,魏必回兵自救,这样,不但能解除赵国的围困,还能使魏军疲劳不堪。田忌采纳了孙膑的策略,引兵直奔大梁。魏军闻讯急忙撤回围攻邯郸的部队,星夜回军援救大梁。走到桂陵,齐军以逸待劳迎击魏军。魏军大败,几乎全军覆没。
胡服骑射:战国时,赵国国君武灵王决心变革图强。武灵王见胡人(少数民族)身着窄袖短褂便服,骑着战马,边跑边射箭,行动迅疾,十分灵活,便决定向胡人学习,改革士兵服装,发展骑兵。不到一年功夫,赵国拥有一支强大的骑兵,经过南征北战,赵国成了当时有数的强国之一。
窃符救赵:战国时,秦国派兵围攻赵国的都城邯郸。赵国向魏国求救,魏国派兵前去救赵。秦国听说魏国派兵救赵一事,派人去魏国威胁魏王,魏王屈服于秦国,下令让前去救赵的魏兵按兵不动。赵王向魏国公子信陵君写信求救。信陵君曾为魏王的宠妃如姬报了杀父之仇,信陵君请求如姬从魏王那里盗出了兵符,从而夺取了兵权,率领几万精兵,奔赴邯郸,打败了秦军,解了邯郸之围。
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