before,*:after有什么作用

2025-02-06 21:52:28
推荐回答(2个)
回答1:

【before】
英 [bɪ'fɔː(r)]     美 [bɪ'fɔːr]    
conj.在 ... 以前
pref.在 ... 以前;在..前面
adv.以前;以往;之前
【before】用法
Before同ago的比较:表示“早于现在多少时间前”,用ago。表示“早于过去某时多少时间前”,通常用before 。表示“早于将来某时多少时间前”,也用before。表示“早于任何某时(不是现在、过去或将来的某时)多少时间前”,仍用before。表示“从现在说到以前,不特指若干时间”时,用before。在倒数回以前,表示“一些事情已发生了多久”时,可用before。
He started five minutes ago.
He told me he had seen her a few minutes before.
英美人也有用ago,觉得语气比较生动。
When you call at the shop again this afternoon, you may be told that the book has been sold only a few minutes before.
He often forgets what he has heard only a few minutes before.
We (have) met them many times before.
When I went back to the town that I had left eight years before, everything was different.
before与不同介词搭配时,句子意思有差异。
All day, as three days before, we planted trees.
同三天前一样,我们一整天都在种树。
All day, as for three days before, we planted trees.
同以前的三天一样,我们一整天都在种树。
before既可作副词,也可作介词,如在three hours before中为副词。在before three o'clock中为介词,但要注意before不能在表示“一段时间”的词前作介词,不能说before a month,可说a month ago;
before long,属于习语,表示“不久以后”,同before a long time has passed意思一样。before very long也指“不久以后”,但比before long时间短;
要注意before的表达方式,不能说before five minutes of the accident,而是five minutes before the accident。其他表达方式如下:
A few minutes before the accident she called on me.
(不含the/for)
During the few minutes before the accident she had a chat with me.
(含the)
For a few minutes before the accident she had a chat with me.
(含for)
【before】作连接词,指“……以前”时,后接到从句中的动词一般不能用将来时。如不可以说He will arrive before she will start,可以说He will arrive before she starts。若是表示“长久以后才会发生的事”时,可用将来时。
It will not be long before they come back.
他们很快就回来了。

【before】介词
before可用于表示时间。首先,可以表示“先于,在…以前”,其后可以跟表示具体日期、时间等的名词或数词,也可以跟表示时间或动作的名词。其次,可以表示“在做…之前”,后接 v -ing。再次,可以表示“紧接在…之前”。before用于否定句还可表示“直到…为止”。注意before之后只能接表示时间点的名词,而不能接表示时间段的名词。
before可用于表示动态或静态的位置,意思是“在…之前”,与behind相对。
before可用于表示顺序或排列上的“在…之前”或“居于…之前”,与after相对。引申可用于表示比较,即在等级、价值、重要性、能力等方面的“在先”“优于”“重于”。再引申则可用于表示对某事物的优先选择,即“宁可”或“与其…宁可”。
before还可表示“面对,在…眼前,在…面前”“有待于去完成”“在审理中,由…考虑”“在…压力下”等。

【before】连词
before主要引导时间状语从句,意为“先于”“…之后才”“(不多久)就…”。当主句是将来时时,从句谓语动词须用现在时;当主句是一般过去时或过去完成时时,从句常用过去时。before引导的时间状语从句不能用于否定式。
before还可用于barely〔scarcely〕...before结构,意为“刚…就…”。
before还可引导让步状语从句,意思是“宁愿…也不…”。
before引导的从句常用省略句型。

【before】副词
before用作副词时,意思是“以前,在前面”,表示从较近的过去至较远的过去。用作时间状语泛指以前、不与具体时间连用时,谓语动词可以用一般过去时,也可用现在完成时,前者只表示“过去发生过”,后者则强调“对现在有影响”。
before与具体时间连用时,一般置于其后,谓语动词通常用过去完成时。
before也可表示空间或位置的“在前,在前面”,还可表示运动“到前面”。

【after】
英 ['ɑːftə(r)]    
美 ['æftər]    
adv.以后;后来
conj.在 ... 以后
prep.在 ... 之后;在后面;关于;追赶;依照
adj.以后的
【after】用法
注意after和in的使用:从某时说到多少时间以后,不用after,而用in。如果指“某个时刻,日期或事件以后”,用after。
He will/would arrive in four weeks.
He will(或would)arrive after four o'clock /5 July/the ceremony.
表达“某事件的若干时间以后”时,应是“若干时间after事件”,而不是“after若干时间of事件”。可说two hours after his arrival,不可说after two hours of his arrival。在“two hours after his arrival”前加不同的介词,有不同的意思:“two hours after his arrival”单用时指“他到达两小时以后”。若前面加the,如the two hours after his arrival指“他到达以后的两小时”,加for指“在他到达以后的两小时全段时间里”,加in 跟没有in意思相同,加within指“在他到达以后的两小时中的某时刻”;
指“若干时间after日期或月份”时,常把当天的日期或当月除外。如five days after 3 July,指从7月4日算起的5天以后,也就是7月9日。但有例外,five days after I July可能指7月8日,months after July可能指11月,注意避免这种结构产生误解;
指“从过去的某时或某事说到现在”时,不用after,用since,所以可说Since his graduation he has been abroad.(since不可改成after)一定要改的话,可表示为After his graduation he went abroad. 这里的after是介词,用作连接词时用法一样。
He went abroad after he graduated.
不可说 He has been abroad after he graduated.
half after four,five minutes after eight等是美国英语,相当于英国英语half past four,five minutes past eight等,英国方言中也有half after four等表达方式;
after引导的状语从句,用现在时态,不用将来时态。
I shall start after he comes.
after常指时间先后的次序,而behind常指位置,如August comes after July,用after,,而A garden lies behind the house,用behind。不过有时after和behind可以通用。
Please shut the door after/behind you.
He came in after/behind her.
be after指“追求,要求”,
He is after you.
他正在追求你。
He is always after me to teach him the violin.
他老是要我教他小提琴。
after all有时指“虽然这样”,
In coming home we got caught in the rain and became wet through and through, after all I don't mind as we had a fine time.
不可说be after doing …,这里不是指想要做什么,或是将要做什么,而是已经做了什么。但是可以用after doing…的结构。
After completing this form, give it to the secretary.
after作为副词时,通常不单用,而是以其他形式出现,如afterwards,then或after that。
I'm going to do my exams, and afterwards I'm going to study medicine.

【after】连词
after可用作连词连接一个时间状语从句,从句中一般用现在时表示将来。
【after】副词
after用作副词时常与soon, ever搭配,通常用于表示时间的名词后。
after用作副词时不用于比较等级。
after有时还可用作形容词,意思是“以后的,后来的”,常用作定语。例如:He grew weak in after years.在以后的几年里,他身体越来越衰弱了。

回答2:

:after 选择器
用来在指定的标签内容中追加相同的内容,比如

aa


css:
p:after{
content:"-ss";
}
显示 aa-ss

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