胶囊剂和片剂分散片的优缺点谢谢了,大神帮忙啊
胶囊剂和片剂分散片的优缺点 各 有什么好处 个缺点?
推荐回答(1个)
胶囊剂的特点: (1)能掩盖药物不良嗅味或提高药物稳定性。因药物装在胶囊壳中与外界隔离,避开了水分、空气、光线的影响,对具不良嗅味或不稳定的药物有一定程度上的遮蔽、保护与稳定作用。 (2)药物的生物利用度较高。胶囊剂中的药物是以粉末或颗粒状态直接填装于囊壳中,不受压力等因素的影响,所以在胃肠道中迅速分散、溶出和吸收,其生物利用度将高于丸剂、片剂等剂型。 (3)可弥补其他固体剂型的不足。含油量高的药物或液态药物难以制成丸剂、片剂等,但可制成软胶囊剂。 (4)可延缓药物的释放和定位释药。可将药物按需要制成缓释颗粒装入胶囊中,达到缓释延效作用,康泰克胶囊即属此种类型;制成肠溶胶囊剂即可将药 物定位释放于小肠以供吸收,亦可制成直肠给药或阴道给药的胶囊剂,使定位在这些腔道释药;对在结肠段吸收较好的蛋白类、多肽类药物,可制成结肠靶向胶囊 剂。 片剂特点: ①固体制剂 ②生产的机构化、自动化程度较高 ③剂量准确 ④也可以满足临床医疗或预防的不同需要 种类: 普通压制片、包衣片、糖衣片、薄膜衣片、肠溶衣片、泡腾片、咀嚼片、多层片、分散片、舌下片、口含片、植入片、溶液片、缓释片 片剂系指药材细粉或药材提取物加药材细粉或辅料压制而成的片状或异形片状的制剂。分为药材原粉片和浸膏(半浸膏)片等。 片剂在生产与贮藏期间均应符合下列有关规定: 一、原料药与辅料应混合均匀。小剂量或含有毒剧药物的片剂,可根据药物的性质用适宜的方法使药物分散均匀。 二、凡属挥发性或遇热分解的药物,在制片过程中应避免受热损失。制片的颗粒应控制水分,以适应制片工艺的需要,并防止片剂在贮藏期间发霉、变质、失效。 三、凡具有不适的臭和味、剌激性、易潮解或遇光易变质的药物,制成片剂后可包糖衣或薄膜衣。对一些遇胃液易破坏、剌激胃粘膜或需要在肠内释放的药物,制成片剂后应包肠溶衣。为适应阴道局部用的需要,可制成阴道用片剂。有些药物也可根据需要制成泡腾片。 四、片剂外观应完整光洁,色泽均匀;应有适宜的硬度,以免在包装、贮运过程中发生碎片。 五、除另有规定外,片剂应密封贮藏 分散剂 (Dispersing Agent)印刷油墨中的一种小剂量的添加剂。它可以使油墨中的固体色料颗粒在液体的连结料中的分散性更好。分散剂也是一种主要的润湿剂。 分散系中分散成离子的物质叫做分散质,另一种物质叫做分散剂。 分散剂是一种在分子内同时具有亲油性和亲水性两种相反性质的界面活性剂。可均一分散那些难于溶解于液体的无机,有机颜料的固体颗粒,同时也能防止固体颗粒的沉降和凝聚,形成安定悬浮液所需的药剂。 ■作用机理 1.吸附于固体颗粒的表面,使凝聚的固体颗粒表面易于湿润。 2.高分子型的分散剂,在固体颗粒的表面形成吸附层,使固体颗粒表面的电荷增加,提高形成立体阻碍的颗粒间的反作用力。
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