推荐回答(2个)
西安作为陕西省的省会,也是我国历史上经常被作为都城的城市。在古代一般被称为长安,成为帝都。除此之外,长安还是西周、秦、西汉、东汉隋唐等13个王朝在西安建都,不过在唐朝之后,历代王朝都不再定都西安了,而是选择了南京,洛阳,开封,北京等这些城市。那么为什么西安作为那么好的地理位置,却没有朝代愿意定都呢?
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一、西安经历了战争的洗礼,受损比较严重。
首先在唐朝之前,很多朝代都比较喜欢定都西安,但是对于西安来说,历史上经过战火摧毁比较严重,安史之乱影响之后,人口经济都受到了极大的损伤,除了这一因素之外,西安农作物生产入不敷出也成为制约西安发展的一。因此,西安已经不适合再作为都城存在了,所以就没有朝代定都了。
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二、西安交通位置不太便利。
隋朝虽然建都西安,但是却建造了一个东都洛阳。隋朝开创了大运河,这样江南的粮食就可以很方便的运送到洛阳,但是洛阳和西安毕竟还有一段的距离,因此,从地理位置上来说,西安的地理位置是没有洛阳优越的。而对于北宋来说,定都在汴梁,也是希望借助于漕运来获得江南运输到北方的粮食。
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三、唐朝之后,西北方势力稳定。
其实对于隋唐来说,他们没有放弃坚守长安是因为当时的主要威胁是来自西北方向,比如突厥、吐蕃等,定都在长安就有利于对抗来自西北方向的威胁,所以唐朝才不会放弃这个有利的位置。但是唐朝之后,西北的势力基本稳定,朝廷不用考虑来自西北方向的威胁,因此,定都的位置就会更自由一些,不用局限在西安这个交通不方便的地方。
作为一个资深历史迷,小编觉得你提出的这个问题历史节点划分的很好,小编从以下三个方面给你分析,为何唐朝之后在没有封建王朝定都长安(西安)。
第一,地理位置上讲。洛阳地域居全国之中,地舆位置险峻,洛阳可以恃险预防,有河山拱戴,形胜甲于全国的佳誉,建都此处可以让天子坐镇中间,遥控全国,又能很好的预防。
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第二,历朝战争破坏。缘故起因便是,西汉末年,王莽的更始,和绿林赤眉军的征战、安史之乱的破坏,对长安造成了主要的摧毁,繁荣已过的西安已经不如洛阳了。
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第三,便是交通。隋唐时代是西汉之后第二个定都长安的大一统国度,隋唐固然建都长安,可是一向在建造东都洛阳,最出格的是隋炀帝,大运河修通之后,来自其他地域的粮食,绵绵赓续的运往洛阳,可是西安就不行了,没有运河,并且隋唐时代西安地域农业出产也下降,从史书中可以看到,西安附近的居民有的要出去乞讨,隋书唐书中都有记实。以是唐朝许多时代,帝王是栖身在洛阳的。
西安一带,农产物生产入不敷出,成为制约西安成长最大的障碍,而运河的开通,让洛阳开封的交通地位得到提升,所以洛阳开封一带,代替了西安的位置。
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第四,便是此后中原政权的主要威胁来自北方。
西周,秦汉,三国两晋时代,异族入侵都是从西北过来,可是唐朝之后的首要威胁来自东北方,先是契丹族崛起,打压北宋,末了北宋是被来自北方的金朝所灭,南宋和金朝又被来自北方的蒙古所灭。
金朝和元朝都建都北京,明朝为了抵制来自北方的威胁,也迁都北京皇帝守国门,代替明朝的清朝同样来自北方,以是天然已经持续三代成为都城的北首都,成了清朝的首选。
先是洛阳开封的地形交通前提代替了西安,然后北京又代替了洛阳,从此就在也没有政权建都西安了。
总体上来说,中国古代建都的规律是从西往东,从南往北。建都西安的都国力强势,建都洛阳的守旧,建都南京的偏安一方,建都北京的武力比较强大。
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