java 中如何实现链表操作?

2024-10-30 11:07:07
推荐回答(2个)
回答1:

class Node {
Object data;
Node next;//申明类Node类的对象叫Next

public Node(Object data) { //类Node的构造函数
setData(data);
}
public void setData(Object data) {
this.data = data;
}
public Object getData() {
return data;
}
}

class Link {
Node head;//申明一个Node类的一个对象 head
int size = 0;

public void add(Object data) {
Node n = new Node(data); //调用Node类的构造函数

链表是一种重要的数据结构,在程序设计中占有很重要的地位。C语言和C++语

言中是用指针来实现链表结构的,由于Java语言不提供指针,所以有人认为在

Java语言中不能实现链表,其实不然,Java语言比C和C++更容易实现链表结构

。Java语言中的对象引用实际上是一个指针(本文中的指针均为概念上的意义,

而非语言提供的数据类型),所以我们可以编写这样的类来实现链表中的结点。

class Node
{
Object data;
Node next;//指向下一个结点
}

将数据域定义成Object类是因为Object类是广义超类,任何类对象都可以给

其赋值,增加了代码的通用性。为了使链表可以被访问还需要定义一个表头,表

头必须包含指向第一个结点的指针和指向当前结点的指针。为了便于在链表尾部

增加结点,还可以增加一指向链表尾部的指针,另外还可以用一个域来表示链表

的大小,当调用者想得到链表的大小时,不必遍历整个链表。下图是这种链表的

示意图:

链表的数据结构

我们可以用类List来实现链表结构,用变量Head、Tail、Length、Pointer

来实现表头。存储当前结点的指针时有一定的技巧, Pointer并非存储指向当前

结点的指针,而是存储指向它的前趋结点的指针,当其值为null时表示当前结点是

第一个结点。那么为什么要这样做呢?这是因为当删除当前结点后仍需保证剩下

的结点构成链表,如果Pointer指向当前结点,则会给操作带来很大困难。那么如

何得到当前结点呢,我们定义了一个方法cursor(),返回值是指向当前结点的指

针。类List还定义了一些方法来实现对链表的基本操作,通过运用这些基本操作

我们可以对链表进行各种操作。例如reset()方法使第一个结点成为当前结点。

insert(Object d)方法在当前结点前插入一个结点,并使其成为当前结点。

remove()方法删除当前结点同时返回其内容,并使其后继结点成为当前结点,如

果删除的是最 后一个结点,则第一个结点变为当前结点。

链表类List的源代码如下:

import java.io.*;
public class List
{
/*用变量来实现表头*/
private Node Head=null;
private Node Tail=null;
private Node Pointer=null;
private int Length=0;
public void deleteAll()
/*清空整个链表*/
{
Head=null;
Tail=null;
Pointer=null;
Length=0;
}
public void reset()
/*链表复位,使第一个结点成为当前结点*/
{
Pointer=null;
}
public boolean isEmpty()
/*判断链表是否为空*/
{
return(Length==0);
}
public boolean isEnd()
/*判断当前结点是否为最后一个结点*/
{
if(Length==0)
throw new java.lang.NullPointerException();
else if(Length==1)
return true;
else
return(cursor()==Tail);
}
public Object nextNode()
/*返回当前结点的下一个结点的值,并使其成为当前结点*/
{
if(Length==1)
throw new java.util.NoSuchElementException();
else if(Length==0)
throw new java.lang.NullPointerException();
else
{
Node temp=cursor();
Pointer=temp;
if(temp!=Tail)
return(temp.next.data);
else
throw new java.util.NoSuchElementException();
}
}
public Object currentNode()
/*返回当前结点的值*/
{
Node temp=cursor();
return temp.data;
}

public void insert(Object d)
/*在当前结点前插入一个结点,并使其成为当前结点*/
{
Node e=new Node(d);
if(Length==0)
{
Tail=e;
Head=e;
}
else
{
Node temp=cursor();
e.next=temp;
if(Pointer==null)
Head=e;
else
Pointer.next=e;
}
Length++;
}
public int size()
/*返回链表的大小*/
{
return (Length);
}
public Object remove()
/*将当前结点移出链表,下一个结点成为当前结点,如果移出的结点是最后

一个结点,则第一个结点成为当前结点*/
{
Object temp;
if(Length==0)
throw new java.util.NoSuchElementException();
else if(Length==1)
{
temp=Head.data;
deleteAll();
}
else
{
Node cur=cursor();
temp=cur.data;
if(cur==Head)
Head=cur.next;
else if(cur==Tail)
{
Pointer.next=null;
Tail=Pointer;
reset();
}
else
Pointer.next=cur.next;
Length--;
}
return temp;
}
private Node cursor()
/*返回当前结点的指针*/
{
if(Head==null)
throw new java.lang.NullPointerException();
else if(Pointer==null)
return Head;
else
return Pointer.next;
}
public static void main(String[] args)
/*链表的简单应用举例*/
{
List a=new List ();
for(int i=1;i<=10;i++)
a.insert(new Integer(i));
System.out.println(a.currentNode());
while(!a.isEnd())
System.out.println(a.nextNode());
a.reset();
while(!a.isEnd())
{
a.remove();
}
a.remove();
a.reset();
if(a.isEmpty())
System.out.println("There is no Node in List \n");
System.in.println("You can press return to quit\n");
try
{
System.in.read();
//确保用户看清程序运行结果
}
catch(IOException e)
{}
}
}
class Node
/*构成链表的结点定义*/
{
Object data;
Node next;
Node(Object d)
{
data=d;
next=null;
}
}

读者还可以根据实际需要定义新的方法来对链表进行操作。双向链表可以用

类似的方法实现只是结点的类增加了一个指向前趋结点的指针。

可以用这样的代码来实现:

class Node
{
Object data;
Node next;
Node previous;
Node(Object d)
{
data=d;
next=null;
previous=null;
}
}

当然,双向链表基本操作的实现略有不同。链表和双向链表的实现方法,也

可以用在堆栈和队列的实现中,这里就不再多写了,有兴趣的读者可以将List类

的代码稍加改动即可。

回答2:

楼主说的什么意思?就是想实现一个简单的增删改查?还是怎样?如果只是想要简单的增删改查的话,那只需要JDBC连接啊。如果需要框架的话,最主流的就是hibernate了

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