推荐回答(1个)
PC200-16型液压挖掘机选用小松S6D102E柴油发动机作动力,发动机额定输出功率为99.3kw,在同级别挖掘机中发动机功率最大。该机采用了性能可靠的全液压控制系统,系统采用2个可变容量活塞式油泵,不仅使工作设备的复合动作平稳可靠,且缩短了循环周期,管线串联的PPC过滤器、钨极惰性气体保护焊接的管道、耐压软管和经过加强的油缸活塞密封圈使液压系统保持了清洁并能良好冷却:系统的闭式负荷感应系统使操作人员操作起来更方便。系统没有液压的干扰,同时进行几项操作时,油泵的输出按照作业的需要而分配,减少了工作中的液压损失,从而使操作更方便PC200-16型挖掘机具有较大的斗杆和铲斗挖掘力,对粗整地、反铲挖掘和深挖沟十分理想。
(1)故障现象。在作业时斗杆挖掘无力,最高压力为23MPa。
(2)故障原因分析。在现场了解该机当时的工作情况及以前的工作状况,如油泵是否能启动,系统油温是否过热,系统的噪音是否过大,油缸是否能带动负载等,并核实操作者提供的情况。在掌握了有关的一些情况后,我们根据该挖掘机的液压系统图,查看实物及液压图分析斗杆的工作原理(见图1),由于斗杆收进回路上设有再生回路,斗杆下降时缸头压力大,缸底压力小,部分缸头压力油由滑阀1槽进入油道C,另一部分缸头压力油回到了油箱道B,再由经单向阀2进入D道和E道流入油缸缸底,加快下降的速度;斗杆挖掘时,缸头压力小,缸底压力大,油道口底压力大,单向阀2关闭,油道D压力可以保持。铲斗、小臂(斗杆)的液压回路上最主要的是主阀芯装置(主溢流阀),它是一个6联阀,分别控制铲斗、动臂、斗杆、左行走、右行走、回转6个部件的工作。主阀芯的移动方向决定压力油的流向,移动距离大小决定出口经过的流量大小。这条回路上除主阀芯外,还有一些如主溢流阀、卸荷阀、安全吸油阀,它的液压回路上还装有单向阀。结合系统液压原理图、各个控制阀的工作原理以及故障的表现,分析原因可能是以下几项:①再生回路上单向阀堵塞;②主溢流阀的柱塞有一.5mm的小孔被脏物堵死;③由于斗杆再生回路上最高压力只23MPa,低于设定的压力值36.5MPa,有可能是安全阀损伤。
首先检查这个回路上控制铲斗、斗杆的铲斗油缸,斗杆油缸以及再生回路上的单向阀,安全阀。首先打开回路上的单向阀,打开阀盖后发现单向阀小孔堵死,单向阀常开。经分析导致这一结果的原因是由于该车超过6800h未更换液压油,而按保养手册规定,运行达到5000h时就应更换液压油。此次由于液压油太脏堵塞了单向阀小孔,导致单向阀没有背压以致单向阀无法关闭,而挖掘时高压油道是通过单向阀与油道联通的,导致挖掘时斗杆无力
(3)故障处理。故障找出来后,取下单向阀对它进行了清洗并更换液压油滤芯,清洗了油箱及相关油管,安装好后经试验,斗杆挖掘无力这一故障得到了排除。从这次维修的实际过程来看,与该项故障有牵连的原因很多,如果我们不认真、不仔细分析,在毫无把握或毫无分析的情况下动手拆零件,这样只能增加工作量,导致其它操作阀的盲目拆卸,延长停车时间,增加生产成本。
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