价层电子对互斥理论和杂化轨道理论怎么联系在一起啊?急求高人帮忙解答!

2025-04-03 09:47:22
推荐回答(2个)
回答1:

使用杂化轨道理论时请记住,杂化轨道只能用于形成σ键(或者用于填充孤电子对),形成π键的电子只能位于未杂化的原子轨道上。这一点教材上基本都没讲过,但确实是这样。这也就是一般所说的杂化轨道“非专门研究人士难以使用”的原因。

具体到SOF4,O与S形成了双键,其中一个是π键,S中形成这个π键的电子必须位于一个未杂化的d轨道上,其他的s、p、d杂化后与O和4个F形成σ键,所以杂化方式是sp3d。

对于两个理论的联系,只要中心原子是主族元素,或者是IIB元素,都可以用价层电子对互斥理论计算价层电子对数目,进而得到杂化方式。这样降低了杂化轨道理论的应用难度。

回答2:

氧原子的一个未成对电子可以直接和S原子的p电子成键,所以没有第六个杂化电子。

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