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起源主要有四:①源于子姓,成汤后代。孔氏的起源可以上溯到历史传说时期。远古皇帝时代已经有孔姓,因当时有个史官,叫孔甲,曾经作《盘盂》一书,但是因为孔甲之后没有孔姓世系资料,所以一般认为孔姓源于子姓。据宋代《广韵》载,成汤灭夏桀,建都于亳。其子孙中有一支以商族的姓“子”及他字中的“乙”组合起来定为姓氏,就是孔氏。②源于子姓,孔父嘉后裔。据唐人林宝《元和姓篡》所载,西周初期殷纣王的哥哥微子启建立宋国,为子姓。死后弟衍继位。后世正考父曾为宋国上卿,子名嘉,字孔父,史称孔父嘉。春秋时期孔父嘉的后代以孔为氏,形成孔氏。③出自他姓,以人名或祖名为姓。如春秋时郑国有出自姬姓孔氏,以郑穆公后人孔张的名为姓;卫国有出自古佶姓孔氏,为黄帝后裔,以祖字为姓;陈国有出自妫姓孔氏,以孔宁之名为姓,乃舜之后裔。④出自少数民族。如清满洲八旗温屯氏、温都氏,土家、苗、蒙古、回等民族均有孔姓。 始祖:孔父嘉。迁徙: 孔姓最初的发源地之一在今天的河南商丘一带。到孔父嘉的后代因为避祸逃奔到鲁国,并且在鲁国定居下来,是孔氏的第一次东迁。这次东迁意义很大,以至后世鲁地竟成了孔氏繁衍的居住地。进入秦朝,孔姓在鲁地已成为一大望族,并不断向四周邻近省份迁徙繁衍。两汉之际,孔姓族人除有部分居鲁地祀奉孔子香火外,还有部分入仕,成为当朝高官,地位显赫一时。三国两晋南北朝时,北方连年战乱,孔姓族人又一次大规模南徙,进入浙江、安徽等地。盛唐时期,社会安定,经济发展,士族壮大,孔姓繁盛,郡望与名人大量涌现,家族播迁也愈加广泛,逐渐分居于江苏、浙江、江西等江南各地。元、明两代,孔姓族人又广播于江夏(今属湖北)、临川(今属江西)、江宁(今江苏南京)、池州(今属安徽)等地,且陆续向四周徙居繁衍。至明末清初之际,又入迁福建、广东、贵州、云南一带。清朝以后,孔姓子孙已遍布全国各地,还远播海外,使孔姓成为我国诸多家族中一个著名的大宗族。当今孔姓族人分布很广,以山东、江苏、吉林为多,国外孔姓则以韩国居首。目前孔姓人口列全国第七十二位。郡望: 鲁 郡 西汉初由原有的秦郡改置而来,相当于今天的山东曲阜、滕州、泗水等地。 京兆郡 汉初置京兆尹,因其地属畿辅,故不称郡。治所在长安,相当于今天陕西秦岭以北、西安以东、渭河以南地区。三国魏时改称京兆郡。 河南郡 汉高祖改秦三川而置。大约在今天河南黄河以南洛水下游,贾鲁河上游地区以及黄河以北的原阳。 会稽郡 秦始皇二十五年置郡,治所在吴县,相当于今天江苏长江以南,浙江仙霞岭、牛头山、天台山以北和安徽水阳江流域以东及新安江、率水流域等地。堂号: 阕里堂 孔子生于阕里。 至圣堂 孔子为历史上的“大成至圣先师”。 其它堂号:郡望堂号:鲁郡、京兆、河南、会稽。字辈: 明前孔氏没有固定行辈,各家取名很随意。从四十五代起已注意订定行辈,但不严格,同辈多采用同偏旁或同一字作行辈字。明初,朱元璋赐给孔氏十字作为行辈字,从五十六代起排,此后孔氏族人不准随便取名。衍圣公府还专门颁布《孔氏行辈告示》:“……今依所定吉字开列于后,凡我族人俱当遵照所开列行辈,取名训字。有不钦依世次随意妄呼者,不准入谱。”明崇祯间六十五代衍圣公孔胤植报请皇帝,又立十字十辈。清同治间七十五代衍圣公孔祥珂经皇帝核准,又立十字十辈。1919年,七十六代衍圣公孔令贻由中华民国内务部备案续立二十字二十辈。以上计五十字五十辈,为五十六代到一百零五代,依次为:希言公彦承,宏闻贞尚衍。兴毓传继广,昭宪庆繁祥。令德维垂佑,钦绍念显扬。建道敦安定,懋修肇彝常。裕文焕景瑞,永锡世绪昌。
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