推荐回答(2个)
始皇置酒咸阳宫,博士七十人前为寿。仆射周青臣进颂曰:“他时秦地不过千里,赖陛下神灵明圣,平定海内,放逐蛮夷,日月所照,莫不宾服。以诸侯为郡县,人人自安乐,无战争之患,传之万世。自上古不及陛下威德。”始皇悦。
博士齐人淳于越进曰:“臣闻殷周之王千馀岁,封子弟功臣,自为枝辅。今陛下有海内,而子弟为匹夫,卒有田常、六卿之臣,无辅拂,何以相救哉?事不师古而能长久者,非所闻也。今青臣又面谀以重陛下之过,非忠臣。”始皇下其议。
丞相李斯曰:五帝不相复,三代不相袭,各以治,非其相反,时变异也。今陛下创大业,建万世之功,固非愚儒所知。且越言乃三代之事,何足法也?异时诸侯并争,厚招游学。今天下已定,法令出一,百姓当家则力农工,士则学习法令辟禁。今诸生不师今而学古,以非当世,惑乱黔首。丞相臣斯昧死言:古者天下散乱,莫之能一,是以诸侯并作,语皆道古以害今,饰虚言以乱实,人善其所私学,以非上之所建立。今皇帝并有天下,别黑白而定一尊。私学而相与非法教,人闻令下,则各以其学议之,入则心非,出则巷议,夸主以为名,异取以为高,率群下以造谤。如此弗禁,则主势降乎上,党与成乎下。禁之便。臣请史官非秦记皆烧之。非博士官所职,天下敢有藏诗、书、百家语者,悉诣守、尉杂烧之。有敢偶语诗书者弃市。以古非今者族。吏见知不举者与同罪。令下三十日不烧,黥为城旦。所不去者,医药卜筮种树之书。若欲有学法令,以吏为师。”
制曰:“可。”
翻译:
秦始皇在咸阳宫摆设酒宴,七十位博士上前献酒颂祝寿辞。仆射(yè,夜)周青臣走上前去颂扬说:“从前秦国土地不过千里,仰仗陛下神灵明圣,平定天下,驱逐蛮夷,凡是日月所照耀到的地方,没有不臣服的。把诸侯国改置为郡县,人人安居乐业,不必再担心战争,功业可以传之万代。您的威德,自古及今无人能比。”始皇十分高兴。
博士齐人淳于越上前说:“我听说殷朝、周朝统治天下达一千多年,分封子弟功臣,给自己当作辅佐。如今陛下拥有天下,而您的子弟却是平民百姓,一旦出现象齐国田常、晋国六卿之类谋杀君主的臣子,没有辅佐,靠谁来救援呢?凡事不师法古人而能长久的,还没有听说过。刚才周青臣又当面阿谀,以致加重陛下的过失,这不是忠臣。”始皇把他们的意见下交群臣议论。
丞相李斯说:“五帝的制度不是一代重复一代,夏、商、周的制度也不是一代因袭一代,可是都凭着各自的制度治理好了,这并不是他们故意要彼此相反,而是由于时代变了,情况不同了。现在陛下开创了大业,建立起万世不朽之功,这本来就不是愚陋的儒生所能理解的。况且淳于越所说的是夏、商、周三代的事,哪里值得取法呢?从前诸侯并起纷争,才大量招揽游说之士。现在天下平定,法令出自陛下一人,百姓在家就应该致力于农工生产,读书人就应该学习法令刑禁。现在儒生们不学习今天的却要效法古代的,以此来诽谤当世,惑乱民心。丞相李斯冒死罪进言:古代天下散乱,没有人能够统一,所以诸侯并起,说话都是称引古人为害当今,矫饰虚言挠乱名实,人们只欣赏自己私下所学的知识,指责朝廷所建立的制度。当今皇帝已统一天下,分辨是非黑白,一切决定于至尊皇帝一人。可是私学却一起非议法令,教化人们一听说有命令下达,就各根据自己所学加以议论,入朝就在心里指责,出朝就去街巷谈议,在君主面前夸耀自己以求取名利,追求奇异说法以抬高自己,在民众当中带头制造谤言。象这样却不禁止,在上面君主威势就会下降,在下面朋党的势力就会形成。臣以为禁止这些是合适的。我请求让史官把不是秦国的典籍全部焚毁。除博士官署所掌管的之外,天下敢有收藏《诗》、《书》、诸子百家著作的,全都送到地方官那里去一起烧掉。有敢在一块儿谈议《诗》、《书》的处以死刑示众,借古非今的满门抄斩。官吏如果知道而不举报,以同罪论处。命令下达三十天仍不烧书的,处以脸上刺字的黥刑,处以城旦之刑四年,发配边疆,白天防寇,夜晚筑城。所不取缔的,是医药、占卜、种植之类的书。如果有人想要学习法令,就以官吏为师。”
秦始皇下诏说:“可以。”
丞相李斯曰:五帝不相复,三代不相袭,各以治,非其相反,时变异也。今陛下创大业,建万世之功,固非愚儒所知。且越言乃三代之事,何足法也?异时诸侯并争,厚招游学。今天下已定,法令出一,百姓当家则力农工,士则学习法令辟禁。今诸生不师今而学古,以非当世,惑乱黔首。丞相臣斯昧死言:古者天下散乱,莫之能一,是以诸侯并作,语皆道古以害今,饰虚言以乱实,人善其所私学,以非上之所建立。今皇帝并有天下,别黑白而定一尊。私学而相与非法教,人闻令下,则各以其学议之,入则心非,出则巷议,夸主以为名,异取以为高,率群下以造谤。如此弗禁,则主势降乎上,党与成乎下。禁之便。臣请史官非秦记皆烧之。非博士官所职,天下敢有藏诗、书、百家语者,悉诣守、尉杂烧之。有敢偶语诗书者弃市。以古非今者族。吏见知不举者与同罪。令下三十日不烧,黥为城旦。所不去者,医药卜筮种树之书。若欲有学法令,以吏为师。”
制曰:“可。”
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