推荐回答(3个)
梨树的施肥应以基肥为主。最好的基肥施用时间为秋季,早熟的品种在果实采收后进行;中晚熟的品种可在果实采收前进行。施肥前,我们建议您使用土壤养分测试仪或者土壤养分速测仪来对土壤成分进行测定。这样可以更好的指导施肥,达到事半功倍的效果。秋施的好处在于:
1.根据对根系生长规律的观测得知,梨树根系1年有两次生长高峰期,一次是在春季3~5月,一次是在9~11月。基肥在采收后8~9月早秋施入,正好迎着秋根生长高峰,至上冻前,根系有2~3个月的生长时期,能使伤根早愈合,并促发大量新的吸收根。
2.这些秋后的新生吸收根,可促进秋根吸收和秋叶光合作用,增加贮藏营养水平,提高花芽质量和枝芽充实度,从而提高抗寒力,效果极佳。
3.最重要的是,秋天生的根比来春现生的根活动早,吸肥早,促进根系的春季生长高峰,从而对萌芽、展叶、开花、坐果及幼果生长十分有利。尤其对中、短枝早期叶片的展开和光合作用,效果更明显。
4.基肥秋施,经过冬春腐熟分解,肥效能在来春养分最紧张的时期(4~5月份营养临界期),得到最好的发挥。而若冬施或春施,肥料来不及分解,在土中干埋,春季需要肥时有劲使不上。等到雨季后才能分解利用,反而造成秋梢旺长。秋梢旺长,争夺去大量肥料,反而使中短枝养分不足,成花少,贮藏水平低,不充实,易受冻害。所以,密植园必须坚持基肥秋施,并在大年时加入少量化肥。
追肥的施用时期因树势的不同有一定的差异,一般在萌芽前、花期、果实膨大期进行。 1.萌芽前肥 萌芽前10天左右,吸收根开始活动。相继花芽、叶芽、新梢、叶片生长、开花、坐果,需要大量的蛋白质,此期追肥应以氮肥为主。追肥量要大些,追肥后灌水。
2.落花后肥 正处于新梢由旺盛生长转慢至停止生长,花芽作分化前的营养准备,也是新旧营养交接的转换期,如果供肥不足或不及时,容易引起生理落果和影响花芽分化。此期应以施三要素或多元素复合肥为好。
3.果实膨大肥 7~8月是梨果迅速膨大期,此期应以钾肥为主,配以磷、氮肥,可提高果品的产量和质量,并可促进花芽分化。
具体的施肥方法以树的大小而定,树体较小时一般采用轮状施肥,施肥的位置以树冠的外围0.5~2.5米为宜,开宽20~40厘米、深 20~30厘米的沟,将肥料与土壤适度混合后施入沟内,再将沟填平。
梨树花前施肥也非常的注重阶段性,在什么阶段适合施多少量的肥料也是要讲究的,按照科学的方法提高梨树的产量是没有问题的。
梨树的花前肥要及时的施用,提高花芽的抗逆性,使花蕾健康,坐果率高。具体的措施为:
在梨树花芽萌动前,施花前肥,以有机肥和磷钾肥为主,5年以上的结果树,每株施沤制腐熟的人畜禽粪15-20千克,沤制腐熟的花生秧1千克,磷酸二氢钾1.2-2千克。在树冠下挖6-8条深15-20厘米、宽30-40厘米、长80-100厘米的放射沟,将肥料充分搅拌均匀后,与所挖起的泥土混合,再填回沟内即可,施肥后遇干旱天气,必须每株树淋清水60-80千克,以促进肥料溶解的转化,供应根系吸收和利用,提高肥料的吸收利用率。
此外,在花蕾期,应在叶面喷施2-3次0.1%硫酸镁、0.1%硼砂、0.3%尿素、0.5%磷酸二氢钾、新高脂膜等混合液。
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