推荐回答(4个)
甲骨文是指殷墟出土的刻在占卜用的龟甲兽骨以及一般兽骨和骨角器上的文字,是商代通行的字体,又称“契文”、“卜辞”、“刻辞”、“龟甲文字”、“殷墟文字”等。商朝灭亡后,甲骨文鲜为人知,直到清光绪二十五年(1899),古文字学家王懿荣才认识到商代后期王朝遗址殷墟(今河南安阳市西北小屯村)出土的甲骨上的契刻文字是一种比西周金文还要早的文字。本世纪以来,有关人员进行了大量的发掘活动,特别是1936年第13次发掘的127号坑,出土了甲骨17096片,成为甲骨出土最多的一次。到目前为止,已出土了15万片以上。甲骨文已形成一个较完整的文字体系,文字在此时的发展已相当成熟,共约有5千多单字,已显示了象形、指事、会意、假借、形声、转注等六种构字原则,而且“主语——谓语——宾语”的语序已基木固定。甲骨文已有从一到十和百、千、万等13个记数单字,使用十位进制记数,出现四位数,较大的数字是3万。已有奇数、偶数、倍数的概念,当时已掌握了初步的运算技能。从甲骨文可知当时已有完整的六十甲子,用天干地支记日;有一月至十二月,甚至十三月的历法,并出现大量记时用的专名:天明前称“昧”;六时左右称“明”、“旦”或“旦明”;八时左右为“朝”、“大采”、“大食”;中午是“中日”或“日中”;下午二时左右是“厌”;四时左右是“小食”;“小食”以后是“郭兮”;黄昏称“小采”、“莫”;黄昏以后是“昏”或“夕”,还有日食、月食、新星的名称。从书写的工具、书法的技巧看,甲骨文已达到成熟的地步。卜辞大多用刀刻,有些光有横笔或光有竖笔的现象,表明刻写者对字形的掌握已非常精熟;其中有朱书、墨书,表明当时已有毛笔,或先书后刻,或刻后填朱墨,大多都是直接刻成。甲骨文的笔划无论是粗是细,都显得道劲,富有立体感,细而不轻,粗而不重,轻重疾徐表现得当,反映出契刻人对字和刀掌握已相当熟练。在行款上,有左行、右行、直行、横行之别,文字结体自然灵活,布局参差错落;在风格上按时期、书写人的不同,或壮伟宏放,或纤弱颓靡,都体现了很高的书法艺术。殷商甲骨文是出自商人的第一手史料,真实地记录了殷商社会各个领域的历史状况,内容绝大部分与商王室有关,当然也有 一部分非王室卜辞,其中有些可能是与商王室关系密切的强大宗族的卜辞,有些可能是有封地的贵妇的卜辞。甲骨文的发现,为历史学家研究文献不足的殷商时期的历史提供了宝贵材料,在纠正史书中的讹误和印证古书等方面具有较高的学术价值。甲骨文也为古文字学的研究提供了宝贵的资料。学者可以根据甲骨文来纠正以小篆和金文为依据的古代汉字研究中所出现的错误。到目前为止,研究甲骨文的论著已达3000多种,它们与甲骨文本身一样,成为中华民族和全人类的共同文化财富。商人创造的甲骨文,不仅为研究殷商历史和汉字的发展提供了重要凭证,而且使甲骨学的研究成为考古学分支学科之一。它不但对中国古代史和语言学的研究具有重要意义,而且将对代文明、加强与世界各国的学术文化极的促进作用。
甲骨文,是商代(公元前1400)的文字。这些文字因为刻在兽骨或龟甲上,故名甲骨文。文字是以契刀刻划的,故又名"契文""契刻"。文字的内容,除极少数属於记事外,大部分是属于当时王公问卜的记载,故又称"卜辞"或"占卜文字至于那些刻在青铜器上的,称为"金文""铭文"谢谢采纳
晕了,文字刻在甲骨上才叫甲骨文的,要时刻到青铜器上就不叫甲骨文乐,叫金文或者铭文。
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