推荐回答(4个)
水仙花的种植方法
土壤种植
种植土壤需要疏松的腐殖土。种植前,剥去水仙头的干球茎,刮掉老根,在盆边3厘米处加腐殖土。双手摇动花盆,使腐殖土密实,然后将水仙球茎托盘放入花盆中,加土约1cm,然后倒水,再将花盆放在阴凉处,5天后球茎托盘长出根时,将花盆放在向阳处培育。种水的时候要注意看干湿,就是土没干就浇,直到盆底漏为止。浇水时间要选在早晚,否则会破坏根系的生长。
沙基培养
植沙最好用干净的细沙,盆也需要通风良好的土盆。种植前,将沙子放入盆中,放在盆边3cm处。然后,放置剥去老茎和老根的水仙头,在盛满细沙的花盆中加入1cm左右的沙子,使水仙头下的茎埋在沙子中1cm左右。然后倒水,放在阴凉处。5天后放在阳光充足的地方,直到开花。用沙子种植水仙花要每天浇水。不及时浇水会造成缺水,影响花卉根系生长。浇水也要求安排在早晚。
水培
种植前,剥去老茎片和根,然后放入培养的水仙花盆中。在水仙头下约1cm的球茎中加水,放在阴凉处。球茎长出根后,把它们放在阳光充足的地方,直到它们开花。种水仙花最好每天换水。一方面可以防止水质恶化和污染造成烂根;另一方面可以每天换水,清水里长出来的根又白又漂亮。
种植水仙花需要选择一个当年生的健壮种球,把种球处理干净之后消毒晾干了才能种植,土壤需要选择疏松透气、土质肥沃和有一定保水能力的类型,种植下去之后保持土壤微微湿润,温度在10-15℃左右,水仙花就能很快发芽。
用水养水仙花不需要施肥,只靠清水就能生长发育,因此对水质要求较高。水养水仙最理想的水质是没有污染的井水或泉水。目前大多数人们栽植水仙都是使用自来水,用自来水养水仙,最好先把自来水在清洁盆中或水桶中,放在和栽植水仙相同的环境中晾晒1-2天,使自来水中的化学物质挥发或沉淀后再用。如水中的杂质或化学物质过多,水仙的根梢变质易霉烂,尤其是在气温较高的情况下,会严重的影响水仙的生长发育。
养水仙不但要每天定期更换盆水,每天还要向水仙植株喷洒1-2次清水,更换盆水时注意不要把根能伤,把换水时的旧盆水洒于地面上,保持环境湿度。环境局部小气候如果过于干燥,水仙生长不良。在栽植后期,若局部小气候干燥,使花蕾苞膜脱水变干,韧性增加,到时开花时花苞难以破裂,常形成“哑花”。花苞外面的苞膜不易破开时,这就应用人工来破开花苞了,人工破开花蕾外苞膜不可一下把苞膜去除,苞膜去除的方法要分3次进行,使苞膜内的花蕾有一个适应的过程,否则对花蕾生长不利。第一次用干净的牙签,把花苞上部苞膜竖向挑开一个小口(但注意不要碰到苞膜内的花蕾),然后左手拇指与食指拿住苞膜左上侧,右手拿小摄子夹住苞膜右上侧,轻轻用力,使挑开的竖向口扩大到0.2-0.3厘米左右即可。第二次要在第一次操作2-3天之后进行,用摄子把花蕾外已撕开的苞膜去除约1/3左右。第三次要距第二次操作2-3天之后进行,方法同上,再把花蕾外苞膜去除1/3左右,最后留下1/3左右苞膜以保护花朵柄的基部,这样就能使水仙在预定观花日献花。在花期,若空气过于干燥,花朵就会脱水干瘪,缩短观花期。
温度的高低和水仙生长快慢、开花早晚有密切关系。水仙习性喜温暖、湿润、喜阳光,忌高温,又有一定耐寒性。在北京地区,水养盆栽水仙应放置在光照充足,白天平均温度10-15度左右,夜间最低温度5摄氏度左右的栽培环境。元旦开花的需栽植45天左右可开花,春节开花的需栽植30天左右就能开花(2月份)。水仙鳞茎球从水养到花朵开败整个过程中,其理想温度是两头低中间高。前期为复壮生根期,温度要适当低些(5-10),可抑制叶片生长以利生根;中期温度要适当的高一些(10-15)以利叶片和花蕾和生长;开花期温度适当低些(7-10)使花的衰老期迟后,花期可延长一周左右。栽植时注意不要把水仙放置于暖气片附近或火炉旁,温度高会引起叶片、花梗徒长,变得细而长,开花少甚至不开花,叶片变黄而薄,东倒西斜失去观赏价值。天气晴朗,室外温度在5度以上无风时,上午把水仙放置室外向阳背风处,日落前再把水仙移入室内,这样能防止叶片、花梗徒长,使水仙植株长得矮又壮,提高水仙的观赏价值。
水仙花谢以后,鳞茎内的营养物质被大量消耗,球体变松变软,一般都舍弃不要,来年再买。如果你有兴趣的话,也可以继续培养。首先把残败的花梗剪掉,然后用加肥培养土栽人大花盆中,一定要栽深些,经常浇水保持盆土充分湿润。从3月上旬开始追随液肥,每隔7天追施一次,随着老鳞茎干瘪,新的鳞茎产生,需要充足的肥料,同时需要充足的阳光和较高的空气湿度,特别是春季移到窜外后,一方面应经常喷水,另一方面要适当庇荫,防止把叶片晒焦。
6月上、中旬叶片开始枯黄,这时新生鳞茎仍在继续生长,到6月下旬至7月上旬,再把鳞茎从盆中脱出来,剪掉残叶,把外皮晾T后,放在凉爽的室内贮存度夏。培养2年以后又能抽葶开花,这时就不用再购买新的水仙头了,而用自己培育的水仙头上盆水养。
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