推荐回答(3个)
肺癌的分类目前尚不十分统一,根据肿瘤的发生部位、肉眼形态、组织病理学及临床特征等不同,而有多种分类方法。 一、以肿瘤发生的部位分型: (1)中央型 肿瘤发生在段以上的支气管,亦即发生在叶支气管及段支气管。 (2)周围型 肿瘤发生在段以下的支气管。 (3)弥漫型 肿瘤发生在细支气管或肺泡,弥漫分布于两肺。 二、以肿瘤肉眼形态分型: (1)管内型 肿瘤限于较大的支气管腔内,呈息肉状或菜花状向管腔内突起,少数有蒂。也可沿管壁蔓延,呈管套状,多数无管壁外浸润。 (2)管壁浸润型 肿瘤侵犯较大的支气管管壁,管壁粘膜皱襞消失,表面呈颗粒状或肉芽样。管壁增厚,管腔狭窄,并常向管壁外肺组织内浸润。肿块的切面可见支气管壁结构仍存在。 (3)结节型 肿块呈圆形或类圆形,直径小于5cm,与周围组织分界清楚时,肿块边缘常呈小分叶状。 (4)块状型 肿块形状不规则,直径大于5cm,边缘呈大分叶状,与周围肺组织分界不清。 (5)弥漫浸润型 肿瘤不形成局限的肿块,而呈弥漫浸润,累及肺叶或肺段的大部分,与大叶性肺炎相似。 三、以组织病理分: (1)鳞形细胞癌:简称鳞癌,包括梭形细胞(鳞)癌; (2)腺癌:包括腺管状腺癌、乳头状腺癌、细支气管肺癌、肺泡细胞癌; (3)腺鳞癌; (4)未分化癌:分为小细胞癌(包括燕麦细胞型、中间细胞型、复合燕麦细胞型)和大细胞癌(包括巨细胞癌、透明细胞癌); (5)类癌(肺内分泌肿瘤); (6)支气管腺癌:包括腺样囊性癌、粘液表皮样癌、腺泡细胞癌。 四、以临床特征分: 由于小细胞肺癌的生物学行为与其他上皮性癌(鳞癌、腺癌、腺鳞癌、大细胞癌)显著不同,即临床上表现为高度恶性,早期即发生广泛的远处转移,对化学治疗和放射治疗较敏感,因而治疗原则也不同于其他上皮癌。所以,从临床角度考虑,目前世界上倾向于将这两类生物学行为不同的肺癌粗分为小细胞肺癌(SCLC)和非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC),后者包括除小细胞癌以外的其他上皮癌。
您好;肺癌的常规治疗如下: 1、手术治疗:仍是很多肺癌患者的首选治疗方法。 2、放射治疗:对不适合做切除的患者帮助不大,其原因是不能进行解剖定位。放射治疗可缓解贲门癌梗阻症状和减轻不能切除病变的慢性出血。 3、化学治疗:进展期肺癌,手术配合化疗;术后复发适用于应用免疫化疗。 4、免疫治疗。
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