推荐回答(2个)
禁忌饮食
1、忌油腻 对冠心病患者来说,日常饮食一定要清淡。平时应多吃新鲜蔬菜,以及水果、黑木耳,或者是豆制品;还可适当吃一些瘦肉及鱼类,尽量少吃过于油腻或高脂肪的食物。日常生活中如果有条件,可以多喝绿豆汤以及莲子汤、百合汤或者是菊花茶、荷叶茶等饮料。
2、忌冷饮 对于冠心病患者的饮食,日常一定要注意禁食冷饮,因为在气温高时,血管处于扩张状态,一旦进食冷饮,大多数患者的肠道突遭刺激,再者就是会引起全身血管收缩,血压突然升高,容易突发心绞痛、心梗、脑溢血。
3、忌吃糖 糖类即指碳水化合物,它是机体热能的主要来源,摄入过多可造成热量入超,在体内可转化生成脂肪,引起肥胖,并使血脂升高。因此,要严格控制碳水化合物摄入总量,尤其是控制食糖摄入量,经研究证明,在碳水化合物中升高血脂的作用,果糖高于蔗糖,蔗糖高于淀粉。故提倡进食复合糖、控制精制糖:选用淀粉,糙米、玉米等植物纤维多的食物,少进食单糖,如蔗糖、果糖。
4、忌烟酒 吸烟者冠心病的发病率比不吸烟者高3倍。常饮烈性酒,可因酒精中毒导致心脏病和高脂血症。过多的乙醇还可使心脏耗氧量增多,加重冠心病。应戒烟、限酒,浓茶、辣椒等刺激性食物也应慎食。
5、忌暴饮 暴食患有严重冠心病的患者,应采取少量多餐的原则,切忌暴饮暴食,尤其晚餐也不宜吃得过饱。尽量多吃些容易消化的食物,同时要保持大便通畅。
6、忌脱 水一些中老年人没有定时喝水的习惯,反而等到渴了想喝时才喝,其实这已造成程度不同的“脱水”了。老年人平时要养成定时喝水的好习惯。老年人(特别是冠心病患者)的血黏度都有所增高,脱水导致血液浓度升高,达到一定程度会出现血凝倾向,导致缺血或心脑血管堵塞,严重时可引起心肌梗死或脑卒中。建议睡前半小时、或者是半夜醒来及清晨起床后最好喝一些开水。
适宜食物
1、红色食物。每天可以饮少量红葡萄酒,但不能过量,以50-100毫升为宜。还可适当补充瘦猪肉、牛肉等红色肉类,尤其要多吃羊肉和狗肉,因为羊肉和狗肉属于热性食物,产热量大,能够御寒。还要多吃苹果和西瓜,苹果中的纤维可以降低低密度脂蛋白的含量,每天吃1个,可促进胆汁酸的排泄;西瓜含有大量氨基酸、葡萄糖等,每3天吃一次,1次不得多于80克,可以帮助控制血压。
2、黄色蔬菜。如胡萝卜、甘薯、浅色西红柿,黄色蔬菜富含胡萝卜素,有助于减轻动脉硬化。尤其是别小瞧胡萝卜,可以做成油焖胡萝卜条、清蒸胡萝卜(加适量醋、冰糖或蜂蜜)、油炒胡萝卜丝、胡萝卜水代茶饮、胡萝卜汁代果汁饮等多种花样,对于冠心病人来说,具有降压、强心、降血糖等作用。还要多食黄豆、大豆等类制品,尤其是大豆,富含蛋白质相当于鱼类、肉类的2倍以上。
3、黑色食物。黑木耳是冠心病人的首选菜肴。平时要多食黑木耳,但不能过量,每日食用5-10克,因为黑木耳中含有大量维生素,对降低血黏度、血胆固醇有良好效果。还要多吃香菇,因为香菇中含有腺嘌呤,具有降低胆固醇的作用,最好是同鸡肉、猪肉等肉类炖在一起吃,但香菇不能食用过量,每日最多不能超过50克。
4、绿色蔬菜。如菠菜、韭菜、黄瓜、芹菜、大蒜等,这些蔬菜都含有丰富的维生素和纤维素,可降低人体对胆固醇的吸收。尤其是芹菜,对冠心病伴高血压病人具有降低血压、镇静安神的作用。但在炒这些绿叶菜时,一定要清淡,不能太咸、太油腻。炒菜时放一小勺盐即可,每日食盐摄入量应控制在3-5克,如果过量容易引发高血压、心力衰竭等。
5、白色食物。如燕麦粉、燕麦片。能有效降低血甘油三酯、胆固醇,每日以食用50克为宜,不能过量。还要多喝牛奶,因为牛奶中含有大量的蛋白质、钙、铁等多种人体需要的物质,能抑制胆固醇的含量,有助于防止冠心病进一步发展。尤其是50岁以上的人,不同程度出现骨质疏松、骨质增生,而牛奶不仅含钙量高、吸收好,对心肌有保护作用,冠心病人应选择脱脂奶、酸奶,每天早晨喝一杯,有很好的促进作用。
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