推荐回答（1个）
从焚书到读书
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人类真是奇怪的动物，生来便有所谓“智慧”。以有智慧故，从最初劳动时或惊骇时所发的呼声，进化而为互通情感的语言，由语言而造出文字，用文字记载事物，便又产生“书”这一类东西。
书，又是奇怪的东西：说它可爱呢，它确能把人类过去从奋斗中所得到的经验和理论都告诉了后来的人，做后来人努力的方向。说它可恶呢，自从它把经验理论告诉了后来人，便使阶级化了的人类社会常常感到不安。
在可恶这一点上，二千一百多年前聪明的秦始皇已经觉到了，他便取激烈手段，索性把藏在民间的书统统付之一炬。
但究竟这手段太激烈，不久便有不读书的刘项，起来把妄想传之万世的秦朝打倒。后来的皇帝更加聪明，他们知道既然有了“书”这件东西，要根本毁灭是不可能的，与其“焚”，还不如索性教人家“读”，不过“读”要有一定的范围、一定的方法，于是便找出了几种有利于当时社会的支配阶级的理论的书，定名为“圣经贤传”，其他诸子百家便是“异端邪说”，都在“罢黜”之列，更定下一个“使天下英雄入吾彀中”的科举制度。一般人读了圣经贤传，不难在科举制度下名利双收，否则读着异端邪说的书，便是“非圣无法”，可以使你身首异处。那时奖励青年们读书有四句口号道：“天子重英豪，文章教尔曹，万般皆下品，唯有读书高。”
现在科举制度早已废止了，但是科举的精神依旧存在着。
政府的煌煌明令，学者名流的谆谆告诫，都是说“青年应该读书”！读什么书呢？他们没有说，大概便因为有所谓“标准”在，不用细说了。合乎标准的，有文凭可拿，有资格可得。不合乎标准的书籍，便等于从前所谓诸子百家，是异端邪说，教师不敢介绍，书店也不敢刊行，青年们更少有读到的机会了。不过社会究竟在进步，口号和以前不同了：“非圣无法”现在简称为“反动”，“……唯有读书高”现在一变而为“读书救国”了。
从“焚书”到“读书”，方法和口号尽管在变换，精神是一贯的。我们不知道教学生埋头读书的学者名流有否想到这一层。
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