关于银镜反应的实验操作步骤如下:A、在试管中先注入少量NaOH溶液,振荡,加热煮沸之后把NaOH溶液倒去,

2025-04-02 04:10:17
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

(1)欲使银镜反应实验成功必须用NaOH溶液煮沸试管以除去油污,若试管不洁净析出的银难以附着在试管上;
故答案为:除去试管内壁的油污,保证试管洁净;
(2)银氨溶液的制备注意事项:试管要洁净,将稀氨水滴入硝酸银中,到最初产生的沉淀恰好溶解为止,配制时注意向洁净的试管中加入1ml2%入AgNO3溶液中,然后边振荡试管边逐滴滴入2%的稀氨水逐,至最初产生的沉淀恰好消失为止,
故答案为:向洁净的试管中加入1ml2%入AgNO3溶液中,然后边振荡试管边逐滴滴入2%的稀氨水逐,至最初产生的沉淀恰好消失为止;
(3)银镜反应的方程式书写,只有-CHO和2molAg(NH32OH反应,其它结构不变;配平方法:1mol-CHO和2molAg(NH32OH反应,反应的方程式为CH3CHO+2[Ag(NH32]OH

水浴
CH3COONH4+2Ag↓+3NH3+H2O,
故答案为:CH3CHO+2[Ag(NH32]OH
水浴
CH3COONH4+2Ag↓+3NH3+H2O;
(4)①银氨溶液的成分为Ag(NH32OH,在水中全部电离,电离出:[Ag(NH32]+和OH-,当加入稀硝酸时,H+会与氨气和氢氧根离子反应,故与稀硝酸反应的离子方程式为:[Ag(NH32]++OH-+3H+=Ag++2NH4++H2O;
故答案为:[Ag(NH32]++OH-+3H+=Ag++2NH4++H2O;
②铁比银活泼,故加入的铁粉可以把Ag+从其溶液中还原,加过量的铁粉可以将溶液中的Ag+全部还原,加入铁粉要过量的目的是使溶液中的Ag+反应完全;
故答案为:使溶液中的Ag+全部还原;
③处理银氨溶液第一步是加入适量的稀硝酸,若加入的硝酸过多,会和生成的银发生反应,也可能与第二步加入的铁粉发生反应,稀硝酸和这两种金属发生反应都有NO气体生成:3Ag+4HNO3(稀)=3AgNO3+NO↑+2H2O,Fe+4HNO3(稀)=3Fe(NO33+NO↑+2H2O;
故答案为:NO.

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