推荐回答(3个)
第一人称:ic (I) mín(my)
wé (we) úre(our)
第二人称 þu (you 单数) þín(your sing.)
ge (you pl.) éower (your pl.)
第三人称 hé (he) his(his)
hit (it) his(his)
héo/hío(she) hire(her)
híe/hí(they) hira/hiera(their)
这些来源于北大影印出版的《古英语教程》
里面的þ相当于theme里的th
元音字母上面的斜线表示长元音。
这里只是主格和属格的形式,也就是主格和所有格。还有两个格宾格和与格在这里没有列出。
这本书里的拼法完全是古英语的拼法。
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就是这一些了。至于你说的thou, thy, thee并不是严格意义上的古英语,只是近现代英语中的一些旧用法而已。即old English而不是ancient English。而且只有第二人称的这几个跟现代英语不一样。
thou (you 单数主格) thee (you 单数宾格) thy 或thine (你的) ye(你们 主格) 其它的跟我们平时说的英语都是一样的。
如果楼主还认为不够全面的话,我就把古英语的宾格和与格形式也列出来,以供参考:
宾格:mé (me) ús(us)
þé/þec (you, sing.) éow(you pl.)
hine(him) hit(it) híe/hí(her) híe/hí(them)
与格:mé (me) ús(us)
þé (you, sing.) éow(you pl.)
him(him) him(it) hire(her) him(them)
说明:与格是用来作间接宾语的,宾格是用来作直接宾语的。
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古英语中没有物主代词,是用人称代词的属格来表示所属的。人称代词的属格形式同样也可以再变格。它们的四个格是按强变化形容词的变位方法来变的。以第一人称的变法来说明:单数(按主格,宾格,属格,与格的顺序)
阳性:mín mínne mínes mínum
中性:mín mín mínes mínum
阴性: mínu míne mínre mínre
复数:(按主格,宾格,属格,与格的顺序)
阳性:úre úre úra úrum
中性:úru úru úra úrum
阴性:úre úre úra úrum
它们的词尾是这样的:(主格,宾格,属格,与格,以/ 隔开)
阳性单数:--/ne/es/um
阳性复数: e/e/ra/um
中性单数 --/--/es/um
中性复数u/u/ra/um
阴性单数:u/e/re/re
阴性复数:e/e/ra/um (--表示无词尾)
你可以对比一下些变格形与它们的本来形式úre 和 mín曲别,根据上面列出的词尾,自己把其它人称的形式变化出来。如果词的最后一个字母是辅音,直接加词尾,元音的话,就把最后那个元音换成词尾。这样得到的那一大堆词,就相当于是古英语里的名词性物主代词。因为所谓的名词性物主代词(古英语中的人称代词的第二格的强变化形式)是可以独立存在的,所以可以做主语,表语,宾语等很多成份,于是也便呈现出了不同的形态。而名词性物主代词(古英语中的人称代词的第二格的强变化形式)的性和数指的是它所指代的那个名词的性和数。
thou, thy这一套旧词,我也全给你列出来:(都是按着主格,宾格,物主代词的顺序,物主代词后面括号里的就是名词性物主代词)
第一人称: I me my (mine)
we us our (ours)
第二人称: thou thee thy (thine)
ye you your (yours)
第三人称 he/she/it him/her/it his/hers/its(名词性与此同形)
they them their (theirs)
不好意思的是我昨天的回答中犯了一个错误,thy thou这套词是近代英语里的词汇,现代英语里在写诗歌之类的场合下使用,说它们是旧用法还是不太很恰当的。
thee 你的
我就知道这一个 是马丁路德金的演讲里有:my country'tis of thee
my, thou, thy,
these are the most commonest ones
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