波尔塔瓦战役的第二阶段的过程是怎样的?

2025-04-05 11:21:00
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

在战役的第二阶段中,双方主力展开交战。约晨6时,彼得一世在兵营前将部队排成两列,把舍列米杰夫元帅统率的步兵部署在中央,包尔和缅希科夫将军统率的骑兵分别配置于两翼。布图斯将军指挥的炮兵配置在第一列步兵中。兵营内留有9个营的预备队。彼得一世还派出部分步兵和骑兵加强小布季希的乌克兰哥萨克和波尔塔瓦的卫戍部队,以切断瑞军退路并防其在会战时占领要塞。瑞军也排成线式战斗队形与俄军对抗。

9时,瑞军开始进攻,在遭到俄军炮兵猛烈反击后,进行白刃冲击。在激烈的白刃格斗中,瑞军迫使俄军第一列中央部队退却。但是,洞察整个战斗过程的彼得一世,亲自率领一个诺夫哥罗德营进行反击,将敌逐回出发阵地。很快,俄军步兵便迫使敌人退却,骑兵也包围了敌军两翼。11时,瑞军开始撤退,随后变为溃逃。

查理十二世与叛徒黑特曼马泽帕一起逃往奥斯曼帝国。瑞军残部退向佩列沃洛奇纳,在那里被俄军追及,被迫投降。瑞军死9000余人,被俘1.8万余人,损失了32门火炮和全部辎重;俄军亡1345人,伤3290人。

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