定语从句中which和that的区别

that与which的用法区别
两者都可指物，常可互换。其区别主要在于：
1. 引导非限制性定语从句时，通常要用which：
The current, which is very rapid, makes the river dangerous. 水流湍急，使这条河很危险。
He has to work on Sundays, which he doesn’t like. 他得在星期天工作，他是不喜欢这样的。
The London team, which played so well last season, has done badly this season. 伦敦队上一个季度打得很好，这个季度却打得很差。
2. 直接放在介词后作宾语时，通常要用which：
She may be late, in which case we ought to wait for her. 她可能晚到，那样我们就要等等她。
The documents for which they were searching have been recovered. 他们找寻的文件已找到了。
This morning some port wine came, for which I have to thank you. 今天早上送来一些波尔图葡萄酒，为此我得向你道谢。 注：有时“介词+which”引导的定语从句可以转换成“介词+which+不定式”结构：
He had only the long nights in which he could study. =He had only the long nights in which to study. 他只有漫漫长夜可用来学习。

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He had a couple of revolvers with which he could defend himself.= He had a couple of revolvers with which to defend himself. 他只有一两把手枪用来自卫。
3. 当先行词是下列不定代词或被它们修饰时much, little, none, all, few, every(thing), any(thing), no(thing) 等时，通常用that：
All that she lacked was training. 她缺的只是训练。
Have you had everything that you need? 你需要的东西都有了吗?
The sleeping man’s subconscious mind retained everything that was said around him. 这位酣睡的人头脑的下意识能记住他周围的人说的话。
She would never do anything that was not approved of by her parents. 她父母不赞同的事她绝不会做。
4. 当先行词有the very, the only, the same 等修饰时，通常用that：
This is the only example that I know. 我知道的例子只有这一个。
Those are the very words that he used. 那是他的原话。
5. 当先行词有形容词最高级或序数词(包括last, next等)等修饰时，通常用that：
This is the best dictionary that I’ve ever used. 这是我用过的最好的词典。
The first thing that you should do is to work out a plan. 你应该做的第一件事是订个计划。
6. 当关系代词在定语从句中用作表语时，通常用that：
China is not the country (that) it was. 中国已不是过去的中国了。
7. 当先行词是一个既指人又指物的并列词组时，通常用that：
They talked about the persons and things that most impressed them. 他们谈论了使他们印象最深的人和事。
8. 当要避免重复时：
Which is the course that we are to take? 我们选哪门课程？

一、只能用that的情况：
<1>关系代词在定语从句中作表语，不管是人或物只能用that。
He is not the man that he was when I first saw him.
【他现在不是我第一次见他时那样的。】
<2>当先行词即指物又指人时，多用that引导定语从句。
Look at the girl and the dog that are crossing the street.
【瞧正在过马路的那个女孩和那只狗。】
<3>当先行词是有生命的动物或人时，宜使用that而不是which。
1.What's the name of the animals that jumps about?
【四处蹦跳的动物叫什么名字？】
2.Who is the girl that talked to you yesterday?
【昨天和你说话的女孩儿是谁？】
<4>当先行词被形容词的最高级修饰时引导定语从句的关系代词只能用that，而不能用which。
This is the most interesting book that I've ever read.
【这是我所读过的最有趣的书。】
<5>当先行词被all,something,anything,nothing,everything,little,much,the one,none等时，引导定语从句多用关系代词that。
1.The goverment has promised to do all that lies in its power to alleviate the hardships of people.
【政府承诺尽其一切力量减轻人民的苦难。】
2.When we see anything that happen on the island, we're so glad.
【当我们看到岛上发生的事情，我们都如此兴奋。】
3.Tom told his father all that had happened.
【汤姆把事情发生的全部情况都告诉了他的父亲。】
4.Pay attention to everything that I do.
【注意我做的每一件事。】
5.The teacher wants to teach us all that he knows.
【老师想把他知道的全部知识都交给我们。】
6.You must do everything that I do.
【我做的每件事你必须都做。】
<6>当先行词被the only, the very, the first,the last,few,little,no,all,one of,the same等修饰时，须用关系代词that来引导。
The only thing that we can do is to give you some money.
【我们唯一能够做的就是给你一些钱。】
<7>当主句中已有疑问词who或which时，要用关系代词that。
Which is the bik e that you lost?
【你丢失的自行车是哪辆？】

二、只能用which的情况：
<8>在介词后面的关系代词用which而不能用that。即“介词+which（代物）”
1.The picture for which he paid $1,000 was once owned by a duke.
【他花了1000美元买下的画曾为一名公爵所拥有。】
2.The building in which Han Mei studied was very old.
【韩梅在里边学习的那幢大楼很旧。】
<9>在非限定性定语从句中不能用that。
Crusoe's dog, which was very old now, became ill and died.
【克鲁索的狗，现在已经很老了，病死了。】
<10>有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已有which,另一个宜用that。相反，如果其中一个为that，另一个宜用which。
1.Edison built up a factory which produced things
that had never been seen before.
【爱迪生办了一个工厂，生产过去从未见过的东西。】
2.Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.
【让我给你看看我从新开放的图书馆借来的小说。】

三、共同点：
<11>当定语从句所修饰的先行词为物时，关系代词可用which或that。
1.In fact the Swede did not understand the three questions that/which were asked in English.
【事实上Swede并不理解三个被提问到的英语问题。】
2.Colour the birds which/that are flying.
【给那些正在飞着的鸟上色。】
3.The pen that/which I am using is quiet good.
【我正在使用的那支钢笔相当好。】
4.The film which/that we saw last night was wonderful!
【昨晚我们看的那部影片真棒！】

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定语从句中 which\ that 的用法与区别

修饰物体时关系代词that和 which的区分
使用that的情况：
1.当先行词是nothing, something, anything, all, each等不定代词时。
e.g. Do you have anything that is important to tell me?
2.当先行词被all, any, some, no, not, every, each等修饰时。
e.g. I have some books that are very good.
3.当先行词被形容词最高级、序数词所修饰时。
e.g. This is the first book that I bought myself.
The biggest bird that I caught is this bird.
4.主句是以which或who开头的特殊疑问句时
e.g. Which is the bike that you lost?
Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting.
5.当先行词在从句和主句中都作表语时,无论先行词是人还是物.
China is no longer the country that she was.
6.如有两个定语从句,其中一个已用which引导,另一个宜用that .
Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.
7.在there be句型中,只用that.
He asked for the latest book (that) there is on the subject.
8.当先行词被the very, the last, the next, the only 等词修饰时。
e.g. This is the very book that I lost yesterday.
9.当先行词又有人又有物时。
e.g. I won’t forget the things and the persons that I saw.
只能使用which的情况。

1、非限制性定语从句中。
e.g. Mary has a book, which is very precious.
2、在介词之后。
e.g. This is a house in which lives an old man.
3、当主句中的主语被that修饰时。
e.g. That dog which I found in the street belongs to Mary.