关于吃豆腐饭的问题
追悼会后吃的饭为什么叫豆腐饭啊?这个习俗有什么典故吗?
推荐回答(3个)
豆腐饭的由来
为什么办丧事在大礼的那天要请别人吃豆腐饭呢?
吃豆腐羹饭,亦称吃羹饭或吃豆腐饭,是一种流行于江浙沪民间的丧葬习俗:葬礼结束后,丧家要举办酒席(雅称"豆宴"),酬谢前来参加葬礼以及以现金、实物等形式助丧赙奠的人,被请者一般不得拒绝,否则会被认为是"失礼"。过去这种酒席一般为素席并以豆制品为主,其后逐渐变异,佳肴美味之丰几可比拟喜庆之宴,惟一碗豆腐羹必不可少,所以照旧称为豆腐羹饭。这种习俗是怎样形成的,是否蕴含有特别的文化观念?地方风俗资料上鲜有解释性的记述,从而给人们各抒己见留下了很大的空间。
民间传说,战国时人乐毅性孝顺,父母喜吃软食,乐毅便用黄豆制成豆腐供父母食用。父母每天食之,因得高寿。父母故后,乐毅请参加送葬的邻居们吃豆腐宴,祝愿大家健康长寿。由此形成吃豆腐羹饭的风俗,流传至今。
另有一说,西汉淮南王刘安崇尚神仙之术,天天服豆,希望可致长生。其间他发明了制作豆腐的办法。后其父病死,按礼仪三日之内须停厨熄火,所以刘安连吃三天冷豆腐。旁人不察,见他把一团团雪白的东西往嘴里塞,以为他吃的是什么凤髓羊酪,遂说他不守礼节。刘安乃于三日小殓后举办素席,答谢各方来吊宾客,席间特备一道冷豆腐,说破真情。从此,孝子居丧多以豆腐为冷食,而成殓后以豆腐答谢吊唁宾客的习俗亦由此形成。
流播于江淮的民间传说称,从前有一位阿公分给三个媳妇各人一升黄豆。大媳妇和二媳妇取回食之。三媳妇把黄豆种在田里,将结成的新豆收下来。如此三年,积攒了许多黄豆。阿公称赞三媳妇能干,让她主持家务。三媳妇用黄豆磨成豆腐,烧了许多可口的菜孝敬公婆。阿公高兴地说:"我百年之后,你们用豆腐供我。"阿公死后,子媳就用豆腐做菜供奉。此事传开后,逐渐形成办丧事吃豆腐饭的风俗。
现代学人认为上述几种传说均属后人附会之辞,但其中也反映出某种民俗信仰的因素。如浙南武义江一带迄今尚有丧家于寿终老人殡葬之日煮一大锅"长寿豆"酬谢参加葬礼者的传统风俗,寓意"添寿";又如服豆养生的观念由来已久,与增寿有相通之处。所以对吃豆腐羹饭这种习俗所蕴含的文化涵义,不妨从此类民间俗信中入手探索。
有人推测豆腐羹饭习俗是古人以小豆避煞法术的变异。《荆楚岁时记》载冬至日"作赤豆粥以禳疫",可见南方地区自古有服豆或豆羹以禳灾疫祓除不祥的习俗。古人以为死者亡故的原因或以疾病,或以凶殃,不免有疠疫之气缠绕尸身,故请送葬者食用豆制食品,可除去疫气或不祥。有人推测吃豆腐羹饭习俗是一种驱散"阴气"的方法。豆腐以既圆且硬的黄豆为原料,制成后呈雪白之色,是金气的象征,这与旧时道家对豆腐性质的解释相通,如所谓《天皇至道太清玉册》言:"淮南王(刘安)得飞腾变化之道,炼五金成宝,化八石为水,得草木制化之理,乃作豆腐"云云,可见豆腐有克杀阴气的奇效,适合送葬者食用。此外,还有人推测吃豆腐羹饭习俗的形成,可能与本土佛教信仰中以黄豆为"舍缘豆"的习俗有关,含有祝祷逝者结缘佛法以度来生的理念,同时又增进了丧家与送葬赙奠者之间的情谊。
以上各种说法,都是以间接的资料或推测作为依据,所以,吃豆腐羹饭的习俗究竟缘何而起,仍是不解之谜。
问KO.2,他帮KO.1配电脑被宰特额够啊拉吃一顿好的了
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