对《围城》里的讽刺手法分析一下
50字左右就可以咯
推荐回答（1个）
《围城》中讽刺手法灵活多样，比喻、用典、比较、推理等手法中处处见锋芒，达到近乎完美的讽刺效果。 作为学贯中西的大学问家，在《围城》中作者大量采用中外文化、文学的典故。从中国先秦的《诗经》兵法到清代的同光体诗，从古希腊的《伊索寓言》、阿拉伯《天方夜谈》到美国的轶事，法国的名句。典故的内容除文学之外，还涉及哲学、宗教、兵法、医学、生物等知识。如第八章机关上司驾驭下属的技巧，尽学西洋人赶驴子，在驴子眼前，唇吻之上挂一串胡萝卜，引诱驴子向前拼命，这是来自法国《列那孤》中的生花妙笔。方鸿渐买假文凭时引柏拉图《理想国》、孔子孟子之事为自己辩护，认为买文凭哄骗父母，"也是孝子贤婿应有承欢养志"这里连用几个中西典故细腻逼真地写出了方鸿渐自我解嘲自欺欺人的心理。增加了讽刺的力量和批判的力度。 《围城》中的比喻，来源广泛，标新立异，带有深刻的哲理意味，使人在频频发笑的同时认识了深刻的道理。如"一个人的缺点正象猴子的尾巴，猴子蹲在地面的时候，尾巴是看不见的直到它向树上爬，就把后部供给大众瞻仰，可是这红臀长尾巴是本来就有并非地位爬高的新标识"，这种带有格言味道的比喻对高松年爬上校长地位后就暴露恶劣本性进行彻底的嘲弄与讽刺。再如方鸿渐一行坐车从宁波到金华，一路颠簸难受，作者把那辆破车写得妙趣横生："这辆车久历风尘，该庆古稀高寿，可是抗战时期，未便退休。机器是没有脾气癖性的，而这辆车倚老卖老，修炼成桀骜不驯，怪僻难测的性格，有时标劲像大官僚，有时别扭像小女郎，汽车夫那些粗人休想驾驶了解。它开动之际，前头咳嗽，后面泄气，于是掀身一跳，跳得乘客东倒西撞，齐声叫唤……一口气走了一二十里，……前面路还走不走呢？它生气不肯走了，汽车夫只好下车，向车头疏通了好一会，在路旁拾了一团烂泥，请它享用，它喝了酒似的，摇摆地缓行着。"这里作者把老旧的汽车比成摆架子的官僚，闹别扭的女郎，想象奇妙，新鲜别致，既把汽车的残破不堪形容得淋漓尽致，又把官僚、女郎丑态揶揄得入木三分，嬉笑怒骂之中别有一番愤世嫉俗之情。又如写妓女王美玉："忽然发现顾先生的注意，便对它一笑，满嘴鲜红的牙根肉，块垒不平象侠客的胸襟"，"牙根肉"怎么能象"胸襟"呢？但细一想，侠客不是爱打抱不平吗？原来这是比喻牙根肉不平，实在让人意想不到。又如"有鸡鸭的地方粪多，有女人的地方笑多"，"电话是偷懒人的拜访，吝啬的通信"等等。这种新颖独特的比喻随处可见，让人耳目一新，又带给人深深地思考。 《围城》还擅长用讽刺性的比喻进行评点的技巧，生动风趣，使人忍俊不禁，显示出作者渊博的知识和丰富的经验，例如方鸿渐经不起父亲和丈人的两面夹攻，懂得文凭的重要，文章评到："这一张文凭仿佛有亚当、夏娃下身那片树叶的功用，可以遮羞包丑；小小一方纸能把一个人的空疏、寡陋、愚笨都掩盖起来，自己没有文凭，好象精神上赤条条的，没有包裹"，这一精辟的评点，新颖深刻，含蓄幽默的方式注入了作者强烈的喜怒哀乐的感情，起到画龙点睛的功效。
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