在行政诉讼中,被告为什么不得向原告和证人收集证据

2024-11-04 13:58:36
推荐回答(2个)
回答1:

您好!
行政诉讼中的被告通常是行政机关,作为公权力主体,行政机关和原告处于不平等地位,如果允许被告自行取证,很容易造成毁灭证据等妨碍司法公正的行为出现。这种规定是保护私权利主体的利益。  
民事诉讼法明确规定,当事人对自己提出的主张应当及时提供证据。根据这一规定,当事人应当对自己的主张自行收集证据。民事诉讼法还规定,代理诉讼的律师和其他诉讼代理人有权调查收集证据。因此,民事诉讼中的被告及其诉讼代理人是可以收集证据的。与民事诉讼不同,行政诉讼对被告及其诉讼代理人收集证据作了严格的限定。  
行政机关应当依法行政,以证据证明其行政行为认定的事实,以法律为依据作出行政行为,是对行政机关的基本要求。因此,行政机关应当“先取证,后裁决”,即行政机关只能以其在作出行政行为时收集的证据作为证明行政行为合法的依据。行政决定一旦送达生效,行政机关则不应再自行收集证据。因此在诉讼程序中行政机关也不能为证明行政行为的合法性而再行收集新的证据。如果行政机关先作出行政行为,等行政行为被诉到法院后,再向原告、第三人和证人收集证据,就意味着行政机关可以“先裁决,后取证”,这就等于纵容行政机关在程序上违法,是与依法行政的原则相悖的。因此被告及其诉讼代理人在诉讼过程中,不得再自行收集证据。这样规定,可以促使行政机关依法行政,防止行政机关轻率、片面地作出行政行为,并可以更好地保护公民、法人和其他组织的合法权益。
如能进一步提出更加详细的信息,则可提供更为准确的法律意见。

回答2:

行政诉讼中被告不得自行收集证据规则,是指被告在作出具体行政行为后不得再行取证或不得擅自取证,否则在涉诉后其自行收集的证据将被认定为无效证据或瑕疵证据的证明规则。
  之所以在行政诉讼中确立这一证据规则,除了取决于行政程序法上的“先取证,后裁决”规则外,还因为行政诉讼中的原被告一般都处于管理者和被管理者地位,其本身所处地位具有不平等性,如果允许被告在诉讼中可以自行补充证据,“一会助长行政机关不负责任草率处理问题的作风;二是个别行政机关为了不败诉,带着框框取证,甚至行使行政权力采取诱供等非法手段收集有利于自己的证据,给法院认定案件事实造成困难”。
  简单地说,其一、认定行政行为是否有充分证据应当以作出行政行为时为时间标准,而非作出之后。
  其次,行政诉讼中,允许收集证据,容易导致非法取证。
  第三,容易导致在作出行政行为时容易草率,没有证据即作出行政行为,而在行政诉讼中补充证据。

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