文学名著的惊人技巧

2025-03-07 15:38:20
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

中国古典文学技巧性最强的非《水浒传》莫属。大批评家金圣叹把《水浒传》与《庄子》、《离骚》、《史记》、 《杜工部集》、《西厢记》并列为“六才子书”。他说:“天下之文章,无有出《水浒》右者;天下之格物君子,无有出施耐庵先生右者。……但能善读《水浒》,而已为其人绰绰有余也。《水浒》所叙,叙一百八人,人有其性情,人有其气质,人有其形状,人有其声口。夫以一手而画数面,则将有兄弟之形;一口吹数声,斯不免再吷也。施耐庵以一心所运,而一百八人各自入妙者,无他,十年恪物而一朝物格,斯以一笔而写百千万人,固不以为难也。”眼高于顶的金圣叹给《水浒传》的评价如此之高,正说明《水浒传》的成就非同凡响。

《水浒传》叙事总是从千里之外,娓娓道来,渐入佳境。整部书围绕“逼上梁山”这条主线,信马由缰,不慌不忙,却高潮不断,引人入胜。

虽然金圣叹先生对《水浒传》作者施耐庵拍案叫绝,不吝溢美之词,但《水浒传》的创作方法还是来源于传奇、白话和说书人,是地地道道老祖宗的东西,所以虽然《水浒传》技巧性极强,但我们阅读并不吃力。这才是真正的“中国功夫”!可惜基本上被现代中国作家抛弃了。

现代文学的技巧性主要来源于欧美,包括象征主义文学、表现主义文学、未来主义文学、意识流文学、意象主义文学和超现实主义文学六个分支流派。魔幻现实主义代表作《百年孤独》,荒诞派戏剧《等待戈多》,意识流代表作《尤利西斯》、《追忆似水年华》等等都是技巧性文学作品的巅峰之作。这些书共同的特点是难读,但是一旦沉浸书中,必百读不厌,每次都有新发现、新感觉、新收获。

近年国内很多作家,包括王蒙、莫言、白先勇、韩少功、苏童等人都大量模仿或借鉴欧美的创作方法,写出了一大批优秀作品。

读这类作品,首先必须沉下心来,不急不躁。一定要先看序和跋,或者读一点研究文章,专家的指导很重要。有些人自以为是,习惯性跳过序言,这就等于驾驶员不看道路标志,读书往往盲人瞎马,事倍功半。

好饭不怕晚。一部好书就像一座宝藏,只有不怕困难的人才能有所收获。当你读通一本技巧性很强的书的时候,你的精神财富又上升了一个台阶,一切焦虑、烦恼、自虐都值了。

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