推荐回答(3个)
就今人的印象而言,秦皇汉武,汉武帝是中国历史上伟大的皇帝之一,他的确当之无愧,但仅对汉朝子民而言,这位皇帝似乎没有那么伟大。
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汉武帝对汉朝的功业是巨大的,他在位期间数次派军大破匈奴,彻底扭转了汉匈战争这汉朝的角色,匈奴也正是在他的打击下再也没有恢复往日的辉煌。
除此之外,汉武帝东并朝鲜、南吞百越、西征大宛、西南镇压西南夷叛乱,并打通了丝绸之路,使得汉朝与外界交流。
在对外之前,汉武帝还解决了缠绕在汉朝头上许久的封国问题,这个问题从他父亲汉景帝时期开始处理,一直到他颁布推恩令才彻底解决。
汉武帝还开创了中外朝制度和刺史、开创察举制选拔人才,取代了世官制、“罢黜百家,独尊儒术”、将盐铁和铸币权收归中央,从各个方面加强了皇权和中央集权。此外,汉武帝设屯田、建年号、颁太初历、兴太学,影响都极为深远。
然而,在汉武帝辉煌功业的背后,是汉朝子民的血与汉,连年的战争将汉朝文景之治和武帝前期积蓄下来的国力消耗殆尽,人口大量损失,而逐渐步入晚年的汉武帝,越发迷信长生,他不仅巡行无度,还为了求仙大兴土木、大把撒钱,枯竭民力。
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汉武帝为了巩固皇权,对人一直很猜疑,终武帝一朝,藩王被随便弄死那是小事,大臣们凡是敢触怒他的,也大多没什么好下场。而在汉武帝生命的最后几年,在他宠信的江充等人的蛊惑下,巫蛊之祸爆发,上至皇后、太子、公主、大臣,下至平民百姓,被杀者多达数万人。
所幸最终汉武帝醒悟了,下罪己诏,开始与民休息。
再看汉宣帝,他是汉武帝的曾孙,施政方针都是外儒内法,即王霸之道杂之,但汉宣帝跟汉武帝有一个很大的不同,他坐过牢!
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汉宣帝之所以坐牢就是因为汉武帝晚年的那场巫蛊之祸,刚出生不久的他差点没命,长大后也不受人重视,常年混迹在平民之中,深知民间疾苦,与汉武帝长于深宫、脱离群众不同。
汉宣帝机缘巧合被立为皇帝后,刚开始大权都在霍光手里,他也就装起了乖乖仔,等到霍光一死,立刻清算了霍氏家族,自己掌权。
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经过此前汉昭帝、霍光的打理,汉朝已经逐渐脱离汉武帝晚年的危险局面,但要说再次辉煌,还差得远。在汉宣帝的励精图治下,汉朝民生得到恢复,汉朝又重新呈现出了繁荣的景象,史称昭宣中兴。
汉武帝时期汉朝进入了西域,但势力还小,到汉宣帝手上,汉朝实现了对西域的彻底控制,设立西域都护府,将西域纳入汉朝版图,汉朝领土达到最大。
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匈奴问题也在汉宣帝的时候得到了彻底的解决,呼韩邪单于内附,向汉宣帝称臣。汉宣帝并没有汉武帝晚年的变故,政局民生平稳,国家安定和谐,国力维持在顶峰。
作为明君,尤其是见过权臣的明君,汉宣帝深知掌控君权的重要性,他对加强君权也想了许多办法,一直到去世,他都牢牢控制着权力。
当然,汉宣帝的很多成就都有汉武帝的影子,匈奴是之前就打了,耗了匈奴很多力量;西域也是之前进入占有一部分的。
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相比于汉武帝,汉宣帝做事更加稳妥,如果要论文治武功,还是汉宣帝要略强些,因为汉武帝在位54年,汉宣帝才26年,再多给他几年,成就又是另一番光景。
汉宣帝成就更大些。
汉宣帝刘询(前91年―前49年),西汉第十位皇帝,前74年—前49年在位。原名刘病已,汉武帝刘彻曾孙,戾太子刘据之孙,史皇孙刘进之子。
刘询是中国历史上有名的贤君,在位期间,全国政治清明、社会和谐、经济繁荣、四夷宾服,史称“孝宣之治”,又称“孝宣中兴”,史家称西汉国力在其治下最为强盛。在以制定庙号、谥号严格而著称的西汉一朝,刘询是四位拥有正式庙号的皇帝之一。
刘彻(公元前156年-公元前87年3月29日),即汉武帝,西汉第七位皇帝,政治家、战略家。
汉武帝在位期间(前141年-前87年),在政治上,创设中外朝制、刺史制、察举制,颁行推恩令,加强君主专制与中央集权。在经济上,推行平准、均输、算缗、告缗等措施,铸五铢钱,由官府垄断盐、铁、酒的经营,并抑制富商大贾的势力。文化方面,“罢黜百家,独尊儒术”,并设立太学。对外,汉武帝采扩张政策,除与匈奴长年交战外,还破闽越、南越、卫氏朝鲜、大宛,又凿空西域、开丝绸之路,并开辟西南夷。此外,还有创设年号、颁布太初历等举措。但他崇信方术、自奉奢侈,兼以穷兵黩武,引发统治危机,晚年爆发巫蛊之祸,后因对外扩张受挫而颁《轮台诏》。后元二年(公元前87年),汉武帝崩于五柞宫,享年70岁,葬于茂陵。
汉武帝当政后,老百姓的日子很难过,史书上用了十室九空,人口减半的说法,所以伟大辉煌的背后,却是百姓血泪...汉宣帝也是狠角色,街头混混出身,霍光一死,他就把一族一网打尽杀,杀死了喜欢发杂音的杨恽,把反对他意见的夏侯胜下狱...
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