古代赵匡胤篡位得来的皇位,为何没有被后人指责?

2025-02-06 05:49:47
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

隋文帝杨坚的皇位是篡夺来的,却一直被称为明君,他儿子隋炀帝杨广的皇位是继承来的,却落下了千古骂名。而赵匡胤之所以作为一个篡权者却名声不错,主要是因为他实在不算一个坏人……对于谋朝篡位这种事,在赵匡胤那个时代里简直再正常不过了。从唐朝灭亡以后,中国的政权更迭达到了一个丧心病狂的频率。短短五十三年间光中原王朝就换了五个,最长的不过十六年,节度使篡权这种事简直再普遍不过了。而在赵匡胤兵变时期的周恭帝柴宗训,当年才七岁,不篡权简直不好意思。

但赵匡胤开创了一个篡权的新模式。在宋朝以前,中国的权力斗争毫无底线可言,灭人满门株连九族简直是家常便饭。比如隋文帝杨坚篡夺了北周的权力后,几乎将北周皇族杀的一干二净。五代的政权更迭更为残忍,身死族灭,父子相杀再普通不过。

但赵匡胤在篡权之前,就已经对参与兵变的将士们说过:严禁伤害周朝皇室及大臣。所以当兵变士兵占领都城的过程中,除了与个别忠于周朝的将领发生了小规模冲突以外,几乎是一场不流血的政变。在建国之后,赵匡胤下旨要求子子孙孙优待后周皇室,对待周恭帝,赵匡胤没有像之前的篡权者一样将他杀掉或者明着封王背地里暗杀,而是将他封为郑王,生活极为优待。周恭帝死后,赵匡胤十分悲痛,辍朝十日,以皇帝礼下葬。

赵匡胤善待年仅七岁的周恭帝以及原后周皇室成员,只要不生异性不抵抗,保他们一生富贵平安。事实也是如此,后周皇室成员包括周恭帝本人都是平安终老,这也凸显了赵匡义的仁慈。赵匡胤发动兵变,进入开封城以后,由于赵匡胤之前身为掌握一定军权的将军,所以特别注意严肃军纪,勒令士兵不得烧杀抢掠,更不能伤害后周大小官吏。也因此得到了后周大小官僚阶层的支持。

赵匡胤稳固原后周江山后,便按照“先南后北”的策略,发动统一天下的战争,在此后十几年的时间内分别消灭了盘踞在南方的南唐,后蜀等十个地方割据政权,并努力尝试收复北边的北汉还有幽云十六州。虽没有彻底统一华夏,但也基本统一了天下大部分地区,为两宋三百年基业打下了不可磨灭的基础。赵匡胤基本统一天下后,对待开国功臣的态度算是历代君主中非常仁慈的,“杯酒释兵权”,既结束了唐代以来藩镇割据的隐患,也确保了开国功臣荣华富贵得善终的局面。一举两得自然也让赵匡胤赢得了不少人的心。

赵匡胤建立宋朝后,不断提高文人地位,从制度上压制武将,最终奠定了宋朝刑不上大夫,与文人共治天下的局面。史书记载的权力大多掌握在文人手中,这些文人自然对赵匡胤称颂有佳。所以综合以上几个原因,就算赵匡胤预谋发动兵变夺取江山,后世也很少有人对他口诛笔伐,何况他确实对当时的民族做出了一定的贡献,再加上和文臣关系搞好了,想不捞个好名声都难。

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